The Effects Of Parent-Child Relationship,Peer Relationship And Resilience On Self-Esteem Among Adolescents

Adolescence is a important period that individuals' views about self are changing.Family and peers are important microsystems of adolescence,which influencing adolescent psychological development.Futhermore,parent-child relationship and peer relationship are the most core pieces of the two microsystem respectively,so that they play important role of the development of adolescents.Besides environmental factors,resilience as an individual factor has particular salient for individual's self-esteem.Previous researches,however,may focused on special aspect of the environment or individual factors,few have examined how their affect the adolescent self-esteem concurrently.In these cases,the current study examined the effect of environmental factors(include Parent-child relationship and peer relationship)and resilence on self-esteem respectively,and concurrently explored the influence of their on self-esteem by establishing a mediated moderation model.The current study used random cluster sampling method examined 762 students(416 male,346 female;169 students from grade 7,170 students from grade 8,211 students from grade 9,50 students from grade 10,58 students from grade 11 and 104 students from grade 12;mean age =14.31 years,standard deviation=1.67 years)from two secondary school located in the Rizhao,and surveyed with questionnaires,including the Chinese versions of Network of Relationships Inventory,The Peer Nomination Questionnaire,the Resilience Scale of Chinese Adolescent,and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.The results of the current study as follows:(1)Significant differences between grades were found between the two close relationships.Students at grade 8 perceived the levels of parental support were significantly lower than other grades.In addition,Students at grade 7 perceived the levels of parent-adolescent conflict were significantly lower than grade 9.However,friends support have significant difference between genders,girls perceived friendship support more than boys;(2)Adolescent self-esteem and resilience have significant differences in grade.The levels of self-esteem of the students at grade 8 was significantly lower than other grades.The levels of resilience at grade 8 was significantly lower than grade 10;(3)Supports from parental and peer were significantly and positively associated with resilience and self-esteem,however,conflicts between parental and peer were negatively correlated with resilience and self-esteem.In addition,resilience was significantly and positively related to self-esteem;(4)The supports from two close relationships and resilience could positively predict adolescent self-esteem,yet parent-adolescent conflict and friends conflict are significantly and negatively predicted self-esteem,and peer rejection could negatively predict self-esteem;(5)Significant interaction effect on self-esteen between parent-adolescent conflicts and peer rejection,when parent-adolescent conflict was low,few peer rejection have high levels of self-esteem,and reflecting the effect of enhancement;(6)There is an interaction effect of parent-adolescent conflict and conflict between friends on adolescent self-esteem,when the parent-child conflict was low,low level conflict between friends enhance the prediction of parent-adolescent conflicts on adolescent self-esteem(enhancement pattern);(7)Conflict between friends can moderate the relation between conflict between parent-child conflict and self-esteem,and this moderated effect fully mediated by the resilience.