| Objective:1.To understand the current situation and characteristics of preschool children’s attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)tendency,and explore the relationship between SNAP-IV score and sensory integration ability,parental rearing patterns.2.Explore the intervention program for the ADHD tendencies of preschool children and implement intervention3.Discuss the effectiveness of the intervention program and propose a proposal to improve the ADHD tendencies of preschool children according to the intervention program.Methods:1.Research studyUsing self-designed questionnaire,SNAP-IV Questionnaire,Children sensory integration ability development assessment questionnaire and parenting style questionnaire to investigate 1237 preschool children in four kindergartens of Taiyuan to understand the status and characteristics of school children and explore the relationship between the score of SNAP-IV,sensory integrative ability and parenting style.2.Intervention studyBased on the data of research,Children who voluntarily participate in experimental intervention and conform to the criteria for inclusion was randomly extracted as the intervention group and control group.The intervention group and the control group all received sensory integration training,and the intervention group was given the intervention of parental rearing style at the same time.Due to certain factors can not be effectively controlled,we need to conduct a balanced test on demographic data of two groups of preschool children,and ask that the two groups of pre-test results have no significantdifference in SNAP-IV score,the development of sensory integration ability and parental rearing patterns Before intervention.Measurement:Using the same questionnaires of baseline survey,the students were tested as pretest,after intervention and two months later,and then analysis the data by Independent sample t test,Repeated measures of variance analysis and Multivariate analysis of variance3.Qualitative ResearchSelecting 15 participants from the intervention group participated in the intervention study and conducted in-depth interviews with their parents.From their parents’ perspective and based on their own experiences,to help us understand the effect of parental intervention combined with sensory integration training on pre-school children with ADHD tendency.After the interview,the original data were transcribed into texts and the method of grounded theory was used to encode the data from the bottom up,finally forming a grounded theory.Results:1.Survey findings(1)The score of SNAP-IV in 903 pre-school children was 0.83 ± 0.40,the highest score was 2.50 and the lowest score was 0.There were 143 preschoolers with ADHD tendency,accounting for 15.8% of the total,including 86 males and 57 females The male SNAP-IV scale and its dimension score were significantly higher than those of the female students(P <0.05).The SNAP-IV scale and the dimensionality score of natural products were significantly lower than those of preschool children who were delivered by caesarean section and vaginal surgery.(2)Among 903 pre-school children,206 had sensory integration disorders,with a rate of 22.8%.Among them,mild dysfunction accounted for 14.8% and severe dysfunction accounted for 8.0%.Preschool-aged children with ADHD tendency tended to develop significantly lower sensory integration ability scores than normal preschool children.(3)Preschool children’s SNAP-IV score was significantly correlated with parental rearing styles and the development of sensory integration ability(P <0.05).The vestibular function,ontological sensibility,autonomy,democratization,gender and drowning ability were able to predict Prevalence of ADHD in preschool children.2.Intervention study results:the total SNAP-IV score,the development of sensory integration ability,parental rearing patterns and its various dimensions of pre-test 、Immediate post test and delayed post test repeated measures ANOVA and multivariate analysis of variance showed that:(1)After the intervention,the number of ADHD tendency of the intervention group and the control group in the post test were decreased to 12 and 25,the number of SID dropped to 5 people and 16 people;in the delayed post test,the number of the intervention group and the control group has the tendency of ADHD dropped to 1 and 22 respectively.The number of SID dropped to 0 people and 9 people.(2)Intervention results of SNAP-IV total score and its various dimensions showed that the treatment effect,time effect,grouping and time interaction effect in attention deficit hyperactivity / impulsivity dimension and SNAP-IV total score were significant(P< 0.05).The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that the intervention group was significantly better than the control group in Immediate post test and delayed post test(P <0.05);LSD comparison of the difference between the two groups at different time points found that the pre-test of intervention group and control group were significantly higher than the Post-test in attention deficit hyperactivity / impulsivity dimension and SNAP-IV total score,post-test and post-test were significantly higher than post-test(P<0.05).(3)The result of intervention in the development of sensory integration showed that the treatment effect,time effect,grouping and time interaction effect on vestibular function,tactile defense and ontological sensibility in both groups were significant(P <0.05),and the multivariate analysis of variance showed that the intervention group was significantly better than the control group in immediate after-measurement and after-delay measurement(P <0.05);LSD comparison of the differences between the two groups at different time points showed that the pre-test score of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the immediate post-test and the post-test after the delay,the post-test was significantly lower than the post-delay test <0.05).The score of the control group in the dimension of vestibular function was significantly lower than that of immediate post-test and post-delay test(P <0.05),but there was no significant difference between post-test and post-test(P> 0.05).The score of the control group in the dimension of vestibular function was significantly lower than that of immediate post-test and post-delay test(P <0.05),butVIII there was no significant difference between post-test and post-test(P> 0.05),The scores of tactile defense and ontological scores of intervention group and control group were significantly lower than those of immediate post-test and delayed post-test,respectively.Post-test was significantly lower than post-test(P <0.05).(4)The results of intervention in all dimensions of parental rearing showed that the two groups had significant(P <0.05)treatment effect,time effect,grouping and time interaction effect on addictive,democratic,laxity,dictatorship and inconsistency.Multivariate analysis of variance showed that the intervention group was significantly better than the control(P <0.05)in real-time post-test and after-delay test.LSD comparison of the differences in the two groups at different time points found that the score of intervention group was significantly higher than that of immediate post-test,post-delay test and post-test(P <0.05).The demographic score was significantly lower than the post-test,post-delay test,post-test was significantly lower than the post-delay test;control group in the drowning,democracy,and there was no significant difference between pre-test,post-test and post-test,post-test and post-test after remission,autarchy and inconsistency(P> 0.05).LSD comparison of the differences in the two groups at different time points found that the score of intervention group was significantly higher than that of immediate post-test,post-delay test and post-test(P <0.05),demographic score was significantly lower than the post-test,after the delay test,the post-test was significantly lower than post-delay test;The control group showed no significant difference between pre-test and post-test,pre-test and post-test,post-test and post-test after drowsiness on the aspect of drowning,democracy,laxity,dictatorship and inconsistency(P> 0.05).3.Qualitative Research results:There are 31 concepts in the first level coding,15 sub-categories in the second level coding,6 main categories and 2 core classes in the third-level coding.After returning to the original data analysis finally got two grounded theory.Parental interventions can help preschoolers to control their emotions,change their cognition and behavior in children,and help preschoolers with ADHD to change.Sensory integration training can help to improve attention and hyperactivity / impulsivity symptoms in preschool-aged children with ADHD tendency.Conclusions:1.Pre-school children had a higher prevalence of ADHD tnedency and had more boysthan girls.2.There was a significant correlation between SNAP-IV score,development of sensory integration ability and parental rearing patterns in preschool children.The development of sensory integration ability and parental rearing patterns may have some predictive value for SNAP-IV scores.3.The combination of parental rearing and sensory integration training is more effective in improving preschool children’s ADHD tendency than feeling-alone training alone.4.improve the symptoms of preschool-aged children with ADHD tendency,not only to sensory integration training for children,but also to enable parents to change their parenting style.Parents should rethink the educational methods,learn to agree,and more to children Express love,learn to be friends with children,treat children equally,and communicate with children. |
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