Research On Water Philanthropy In The Qing Dynasty

There are many rivers in Jiangxi province,which provides a natural advantage to the development of waterway transportation,but for the local residents travel also brought some problems.Therefore,under the objective demand of the people to travel,combined with the region of Jiangxi province in the Qing dynasty shipbuilding technology and the development of the shipbuilding industry,as well as charity atmosphere thick,various places set up the charitable ferry,this is a free offering people the demand of crossing the river ferries.Around because of natural conditions,economic development situation and customs is different,so in the areas of Jiangxi province in the Qing dynasty,the charitable ferry set circumstances is a big difference.Nanchang as a provincial capital city,the ferry’s number is one of the most.However,Ruizhou and Nankang are relatively rare.In addition to the geographical space distribution,at the same time,each period in Qing dynasty,and also there is a big difference.In the early Qing dynasty,the ferry’s building is less,in the initial stage;To the mid-qing,especially the Qianlong period,due to the development of national economy,increase local fiscal revenue,combined with the supreme ruler,attaches great importance to wait for a reason,the ferry become flourish;In Daoguang and Xianfeng period,the frequency of the ferry building have fallen.As due to the effects of the war,the ferry have destroyed.And into the Tongzhi period,the ferry began to a lot of building.The charitable ferry as a public project,and participate in large number,different social classes or groups for this cooperation,but from the point of view of different participate in groups,there are different participation motives.In addition,build the charitable ferry requires a lot of manpower material resources,the adequacy of funding for the key,look from its sources of funding channels,there are two main types,one is a government grant,a donation income.In contrast,the donation of more than a government grant.if you want to let it run to sustain for a long time,still need to carry on the effective management,mainly to the property management,and fields as the main part,and as a top priority to management.The lifeboat is one of the important manifestation of water relief,it is mainly responsible for life saving,often used with the charitable ferry only supporting each other.According to the current academic research,the lifeboat was created in the Song dynasty,because of its hull was painted in red,it is also known as lifesaving red boat or ship.The red lifeboat compared to other ships,sailing in speed and ability to resist the wind there is advantage.Because the red lifeboat buoyant effect,thus to get the attention of the rulers,especially in the Qianlong emperor,command the provinces in the rivers and it is to set up the lifeboat,through official advocacy,most areas across the country have set up the lifeboat,but because of different provinces,so around the lifeboat exist differences in style.Lifeboat funding sources also mainly comes from government funding and private raise,but relative to the charitable ferry,lifeboat funds mainly come from the official,so it also laid the lifeboat mostly with official nature of the situation.The rise of the lifeboat due to its function of life-saving,in actual operation,the lifeboat and better play to the function,and also breeds such as fishing float,landfill,the protective tank and so on many functions.However,although set up around the lifeboat has obtained certain effect,but also has some disadvantages,for example,the red ship sailor in order to get more reward,at about save the number,or collude with people,let a person love false,drowning and diddle gratuity.From the lifeboat exposed during the operation of the shortcomings of,also reflects buoyant business still imperfect in system construction.Creating the charitable ferry and the lifeboat is both a water charitable activities,also belong to the local public affairs,so some problems involved in local society,in this kind of activity,different groups have their own interests,plays a different role.In addition,in this kind of government and the people are involved in the local affairs,through official and private mutual interaction and communication,can more clearly realize the relations between state and society.