Spatial-temporal Distribution And Ornamental Management Of Cranes During The Migration Period In Songnen Plain

Cranes have attracted attention due to their important research significance and unique cultural values.Now,there are 15 species of cranes all over the world,and 9 species are recorded in China.The Songnen Plain as their important and key breeding grounds and migratory stops are distributed in 7 species:Siberian crane,red-crowned crane,hooded crane,white-naped crane,common crane,demoiselle crane,sandhill crane.Such a rich crane resources make it a paradise for many bird photographers.In the migration season of the cranes,the siberian crane,red-crowned crane,hooded crane,white-naped crane and common crane mainly stop in Zhalong,Wuyuerhe,Xianghai,Momoge and Tumuji National Nature Reserve,bird photographers from all over the country are attracted to take crane photography.However,irregular photography causes various degrees of disturbance to cranes.Therefore,crane photography The role of management is particularly critical and important.During the period of March-August and September-November from 2016 to 2017,five crane species(red-crowned crane,white-naped crane,hooded crane,siberian crane and common crane)common to the five national nature reserves(Zhalong,Wuyuerhe,Xianghai,Momoge and Tumuji)in Songnen Plain were surveyed by spot observation,distribution distance index,GIS analysis,and questionnaire surveys.The spatial and temporal distribution,best viewing ecological niche,and ornamental management of the period were investigated and analyzed.The findings are as follows:1.Space-time Distribution(1)During the spring migration period of the Songnen Plain,there are significant differences in the crane species distributed in different protected areas.The Hooded Crane is the common crane specie in each protected area,followed by the Siberian Crane and the Common Crane(except the Wuyuerhe protected Area).The population of some cranes fluctuates year-on-year,and the dominant populations are also different.Among them,the Xianghai is the Common Crane and Hooded Crane,the Momoge is the Siberian Crane,and the Tumuji is the Siberian Crane,Common Crane and Hooded Crane.The Zhalong is Hooded Crane,Common Crane,and Red-crowned Crane.The Wuyuerhe is Hooded Crane.The autumn migration period is the same as the above result.(2)During the spring migration period of different protected areas,the migration timings of different cranes are inconsistent.Among them,the arrival and move of Common Cranes in the Xianghai,Momoge and Tumuji is the earliest.The arrival and move of Hooded Cranes is the latest;the Red-crowned Cranes and White-naped Cranes in the Zhalong moved the earliest and Siberian Cranes moved away earliest;the arrival of Siberian Cranes in the Wuyuerhe is the earliest.The autumn migration period is different from the spring.The Siberian Cranes,Common Cranes and Hooded Cranes in the three adjacent protected areas(Xianghai,Momoge and Tumuji)is arrival earliest,and the Hooded Cranes and Common Cranes moved the earliest,while theSiberian Crane moved the latest;in the Zhalong,the Hooded Cranes arrival earliest and moved the latest.The Red-crowned Cranes arrival latest;in the Wuyuerhe,Red-crowned Cranes arrival earliest and moved earliest.(3)During the spring migration period of different protected areas,the duration of stay of cranes is different(1-2 months),among them,Xianghai and Momoge are approximately 1 month,Tumuji and Wuyuer are approximately one and a half month and the Zhalong is approximately 1-2 months.The coexistence time period is also different(2-6 weeks),including about 2-3 weeks from the end of March to mid-April in the Xianghai and Momoge,Tumuji and Zhalong are about 4 weeks from the end of March to the end of April,the Wuyuerhe is about 5-6 weeks from late March to early May.The migration period in autumn is different from that in spring,and the duration of detention of cranes in different conservation areas is different(1-1.5 months).Among them,Xianghai is about 1 month,Momoge,Tumuji,Zhalong and Wuyuerhe are approximately 1.5 months.The coexistence time period is less than the spring(3-5 weeks),and the Xianghai is about 3 weeks from late September to mid-October,Momoge,Tumuji,Zhalongand Wuyuerhe are about 4-5 weeks from late September to late October.(4)The distribution distance index shows that in the two migration periods of different protected areas in spring and autumn,the spatial distribution of different cranes shows an aggregate distribution(1>2),but there are differences in the types and number of clusters in the range.2.The best ecological viewing areaThe populations of different cranes in different protected areas and different migration seasons all had ob-vious differences.The best viewing areas of different cranes showed the phenomena of separation,overlap and incomplete overlapping in spring and autumn due to the seasons.Among them,(1)The best viewing area of Xianghai,the Red-crowned Cranes and the White-naped cranes are the Jiandipaozi;the Hooded Cranes is the Hailiyingzi area;the Common Cranes is the Tuanjietun and Hongguangtun area;the Siberian Cranes is different from the spring and autumn,in the autumn it is near the Changsheng Horse Farm and the Tuanjietun and Hongguangtun area.(2)The best viewing area of the different cranes in the Momoge in the spring and autumn is same.The Siberian Cranes is the Shaolipaozi and the Monggusuokou area;the Common Cranes is the Baomajigangzi area;the Hooded Cranes is the Monggusuokou area.(3)The best viewing area of Tumuji in spring and autumn is similar,the Red-crowned Cranes,white-naped Cranes and Common Cranes are illustrated as the Tumujipaozi;the Siberian Cranes is Tumujipaozi and Sandaopao;the Hooded Cranes is Tumujipaozi and West Point Monitoring Station area.(4)The Zhalong is basically the same in spring and autumn.Red-crowned Cranes,White-naped Cranes and Siberian Cranes are areas of the reserve site and Longhu areas;Hooded Cranes is Changgou Village,Xiaoyushutun and Julang Ranch areas;the Common Cranes is Cuijiadian area.(5)The Wuyuerhe is the same in the spring and autumn.Red-crowned Cranes and Hooded Cranes are the Guandi House and the Wolongang areas.Box-plot analysis showed that the tolerance distances of different cranes to human activities during the spring and autumn migration period in the five protected areas of the Songnen Plain were different:the following:Hooded Crane>Common Crane>Siberian Crane>White-naped Crane>Red-crowned Crane,and the distances are 750m,700m,500m,450m,and 300m.3.Ornamental managementThe statistical analysis of the questionnaire shows that bird watchers have a high awareness of crane protection(78.12%),and the main source of protection information for cranes is the Internet platform and paper media(81.25%);the vast majority are Willing to accept crane protection education(90.43%),online channels and publicity and education manual is a popular education approach(85.75%).Based on the above analysis,the suggestions for management of cranes during the migration period are proposed:(1)It is recommended to strengthen the supervision and management of the best viewing areas for cranes and to set up warning signs in the core area;(2)Advise crane photographers to comply with the migration period cranes Photographic Code of Conduct;(3)Proposal for the implementation of an online application-permit system;(4)Proposal to enhance the protection and education of cranes.