Taxonomic Studies On Fallen Dead Wood Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes From Jiangxi,Hainan And Yunnan Provinces

The southern region of China mainly refers to the Qinling Mountains area to the south of Huaihe,a subtropical monsoon climate,hot and rainy in summer,warm in winter and little rain,rain heat over the same period,is a good microbial habitat,contains abundant dematiaceous hyphomycetes.But in the current study of fungal spore resources dark silk compared to the poor,lack of qualification of the genera and species.Through extensive collecting specimens of dead branches from the forest of different habitats in the southern region(Jiangxi,Yunnan,Hainan),based on the classical classification,and by means of microscopy studies on bacteria using morphological classification traits,taxonomy research system.Points collected more than 900 specimens from three provinces of China,Jiangxi,Yunnan and Hainan,have branches dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to 23 genera,24 species,including 3 new species,4 new records of China,Chinese reported 17.The name of each species are brief descriptions,matrix and host and geographical distribution of genus and species,genera and species of similar characteristics and differences are discussed.Three taxa are new species.They are Catenularia variegata H.H.Li & X.G.Zhang?Neosporidesmium wuyishanense H.H.Li & X.G.Zhang?Vamsapriya jinniuensis Yin.L &X.G.Zhang.Four new Chinese records species.They are Garnaudia elegans Borowska ?Morrisographium ulmi(E.F.Morris)Illman & G.P.White ? Sporidesmina malabarica Subram.& Bhat and Xylocladium clautriavii(Pat.)P.Syd.Seventeen Chinese known species.They are Acrodictys globulosa(Tóth)M.B.Ellis?Brachysporiella pulchra(Subram.)S.Hughes?Corynesporella cinnamomi Y.D.Zhang &X.G.Zhang?Corynesporella obclavata L.G.Ma & X.G.Zhang?Corynesporopsis quercicola(Borowska)P.M.Kirk?Craspedodidymum proliferans V.Rao & de Hoog?Dendryphiopsis atra(Corda)S.Hughes?Dictyochaetopsis gonytrichodes(Shearer & J.L.Crane)Whitton?Didymobotryum rigidum(Berk.& Broome)Sacc.?Hemicorynespora clavata G.Delgado,Mercado & J.Mena?Heteroconium decorosum R.F.Casta?eda?Kumanasamuha sundara P.Rag.Rao & D.Rao?Lylea ficus J.W.Xia & X.G.Zhang?Pseudoacrodictys limoniaceae Y.R.Ma & X.G.Zhang?Solicorynespora linderae Jian Ma & X.G.Zhang?Sporidesmium liquidambaris Jian Ma & X.G.Zhang?Tretospeira ugandensis(Hansf.)Piroz.All specimens examined are deposited in the Herbarium of the Department of Plant Pathology,Shandong Agricultural University(HSAUP)and Mycological Herbarium,Institute of Microbiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(HMAS).Anamorphic fungi is an independent taxonomical group,its taxonomic studies is mainly based on morphological characteristics of the asexual stage.However,the criteria used for genera or species delimitation has a difference due to mycologist keeping different taxonomical views.Based on continuing study of dematiaceous hyphomycetes occurring on dead branches,and carefully reading many documents,we summarized and put forward the criteria of taxonomic studies of dead wood dematiaceous hyphomycetes.The taxonomic classification of dematiaceous hyphomycetes that saprobes on dead branches or rotten wood should be mainly based on the morphological characteristics from the natural substrates.Culture feature and sporulation pattern can be used as a necessary complement for identification.The type of conidiomata,the method of extension of conidiogenous cells/conidiophores,and conidiogenous pattern are key to distinguish hyphomycetes at genus level;the characteristics of conidiogenous loci,the mode of conidial secession(schizolytic/rhexolytic)and outstanding features such as euseptation/distoseptation,solitary/catenate are occasionally used as the criteria for identification at generic level;the branching pattern of conidiophores,shape of conidiogenous cells,presence of sterile setae and stroma,and other features are also useful to distinguish a few genera.Conidial morphology including shape,size,pigmentation,septation,ornamentation and appendage are the basic criteria in distinguishing species.Among similar species,the common,outstanding conidial morphological characteristics are also help with genera circumscribed.The presence or absence,the forming sequence and position of septation are also considered as one of criteria in distinguishing species or genera for different species or genera that have stable differences.For the criteria of distinguishing species,conidial shape,conidial size and septation are regarded as primary criteria,and conidial appendage,pigmentation and ornamentation are usually as second criteria.