China's Offshore Oil Exploitation And Oil Spill Emergency Early Warning Mechanism Research

With the increasing demand for oil in the world,the problem of oil scarcity has become increasingly prominent.At present,the main area of global oil and gas production is in the ocean,while China's coastal areas are rich in oil and natural resources,and the potential for exploration and development is huge.In 2017,China's marine oil and gas industry produced.The level continued to increase.The total volume of marine crude oil production was 48.86 million tons,and the offshore oil and gas industry achieved an annual increase of 112.6 billion yuan.At the same time,China's deep-sea equipment manufacturing has made breakthrough progress.The high-end equipment of deep-water drilling has become a leading international level in the formation of high-end equipment and the formation of a full range of operations.Accelerating China's offshore oil production is an inevitable trend,and the scale of China's offshore oil industry has become more and more large,which also indicates that the risk of oil pollution from offshore oil exploitation will be further expanded in the future.Offshore oil exploitation of oil spill refers to the occurrence of crude oil leakage during the drilling operation of offshore petroleum resources and abnormal operation during the oil production stage,and then continuous accidents such as fire and explosion.In recent years,frequent offshore oil exploitation and oil spills have caused the overall marine environment to encounter very serious threats and challenges.After the oil spill accident,various pollution problems will occur,which will bring immeasurable damage to the marine ecological environment,economic environment and social environment.Practice has proved that most of the oil spills are not caused by production equipment and technology,but the emergency warning is not in place in the oil production process,resulting in the hidden danger of oil spills and then expanding,eventually leading to major marine oil spill pollution accidents.In the practice of marineoil spill emergency management,post-event management is still the mainstay.In this reality,the important role of offshore oil exploration emergency warning management will become more significant.The particularity and complexity of the offshore oil exploitation environment,and the high professional requirements for oil production operators and technical equipment,these factors make the risk of high oil spill accidents in the oil exploitation process,how to reduce or It is a problem that the government and oil companies always need to pay attention to avoiding the occurrence of oil spills and improving the safety and management effectiveness of offshore oil exploration.Therefore,by analyzing the emergency management of offshore oil government,improving the effectiveness of government emergency management,and thus regulating the behavior of oil companies,it is the fundamental way to solve the problem of oil spills from offshore oil exploitation,and also to ensure the safe exploitation of offshore oil and fundamentally prevent and control The inevitable choice of oil accidents.The first part of the research on the emergency early warning mechanism of offshore oil exploitation is the introduction,which mainly includes the research background,research purpose and significance of the article,research summary at home and abroad,research ideas and methods,and innovations of the thesis.The second part is the basic concept and analysis framework.It mainly discusses the concept of oil spill accidents in offshore oil exploitation,the related concepts of emergency early warning,and the basic concepts of government process reengineering.Finally,the framework of emergency early warning analysis is proposed,and the basic concepts are elaborated and related.Theoretical research laid the tone for the overall trend of the next article.The third part mainly expounds the problems existing in the emergency oil spill warning management of offshore oil exploitation in China,and analyzes the causes of the problems,mainly from the offshore oil exploitation emergency system,emergency early warning organization,offshore oil exploitation emergency operation mechanism,sea The oil exploitation oil warning information system is carried out in four aspects.The system mainly analyzes the political and legal environment of offshore oil exploitation.Based on a comprehensive understanding of the external environment,it analyzes the emergency warning of oil spills in China's offshore oil exploration organizations,decision-making mechanisms and The problems and causes of the coordinationmechanism and the information system are in line with the analysis of the shallow and deep,progressive,and at the same time,summarizing the problems and shortcomings of the emergency warning of oil spill accidents in China's offshore oil exploitation.The fourth part will understand the US's experience in organizing institutions,legal support mechanisms,early warning information systems,and Japan's crisis awareness education,early warning information systems,and legal mechanisms.The experience of the two countries is compared with the practice of oil spill emergency management in China's offshore oil exploitation.In this way,it can be concluded that the emergency warning management of marine oil spill accidents in China needs to be supplemented and improved.Because China's national conditions are different from those of developed countries,we can learn from the advanced experience of other countries through comparison and the actual situation in China.The fifth part is based on the analysis of the oil spill emergency response problem and the national emergency management experience of the United States and Japan on the basis of the previous chapters,and puts forward the ideas and suggestions for improving the emergency warning of oil spill accidents in China.It mainly includes accelerating the construction of emergency warning support mechanism,building a comprehensive and integrated offshore oil spill emergency warning organization,establishing a cooperative supervision mechanism,improving the early warning management method and improving the offshore oil exploitation warning information system.At present,scholars' research on marine oil spills mainly uses ship oil spills as an entry point,and relatively few studies have been conducted in offshore oil spills.Through the theoretical analysis of the emergency warning of oil spills from offshore oil exploration,this paper establishes an analytical framework with inherent logic consistency,specifically analyzes the problems and causes of offshore oil spill emergency warning,combined with the characteristics of marine oil spill emergency warning and marine oil spills.Emergency early warning management,comprehensively using a variety of research methods and theories,through the comparative analysis of the experience of different countries abroad,explored the countermeasures and suggestions for improving the emergency warning of oil spills from offshore oil exploration in China.This has a relatively strong practical significance for improvingthe marine emergency warning capability of the Chinese government and society and establishing a more operational marine emergency warning mechanism.At the same time,using the crisis early warning theory to explain the problems existing in China's marine oil spill emergency warning,and drawing on the experience of crisis early warning in developed countries,it is of great theoretical significance to continue to deepen the theoreticalization of events and emergency warning.