Research On Rare Cranes Response To Land Use Change Of Sheng Jin Lake Nature Wetland

With the development of society and economy,the activities of human being to transform nature had been increased.Under the pressure of human activities and economic development,the natural ecosystem had been destroyed.As a wetland ecological and waterfowl National Nature Reserve,the natural environment of Sheng Jin Lake wetland and the living environment of cranes were destroyed.How to obtain the information of land use of wetland quickly,analyzing the intrinsic link between the wetland dynamic change of land use types and crane changes inner link,improving and restoring the wetland ecosystem effectively,protecting crane habitat became the focus of current research.The paper selected 1986,1990,1995,2000,2004,2008,2011 and 2015 eight remote sensing images in recent 30 years.Using remote sensing information technology,combined with the land use map of Sheng Jin Lake nature reserve,administrative divisions and other information,extracted information of Sheng Jin Lake wetland land use type.Researched the correlation between white crane?white napped crane?grey crane?hooded crane and land use types of Sheng Jin Lake.Contrast the cranes number response to the land use change,analysis cranes change trend and causes of protected areas,to put forward some suggestions for scientific management and improvement of Sheng Jin Lake wetland and protection of cranes.The research contents and results were as follows:1)Combined with the ecological characteristics natural and crane living habitat requirements of Sheng Jin Lake,it would be divided into the waters,reed beach,paddy field,construction land,marsh,mudflats,forest land,dry land,such as the eight categories of Sheng Jin Lake wetland,establishing land use classification system;using visual interpretation and classification methods of pop's characteristics,divided land use types into eight categories.According to the 143 data points collected by the field survey,the kappa coefficient of classification was 0.89,and the accuracy was higher,which was consistent with the research needs;ArcGis and Fragstats software were employed to extract up eight times information of land use of Sheng Jin Lake natural wetlands,making the land use thematic information map of Sheng Jin Lake.2)Based on the analysis of the eight land use types of Sheng Jin Lake,such as area change,single dynamic change,the transfer matrix and landscape index,the results showed that dry land was the largest in the area before 1995,accounting for more than 30%of the total area of Sheng Jin Lake,for the main land type.After 1995,the dry land transformed to marsh land,forest land,land conversion construction,the proportion of dry land area ratio decreased,and the water became the main class of Sheng Jin Lake;Over the past 30 years,the various types of land use had changed rapidly,and the landscape was fragmented,while the reed beach changed the most,and the annual average rate of change was-5.561 percent.3)In the last 30 years,the number of cranes had changed greatly of Sheng Jin Lake.At the beginning of the construction area,the white naped crane was the best cranes in Sheng Jin Lake,and the maximum number of overwintering was more than700.Since 1994,the number of white naped crane had declined sharply,and in recent years it had became extinct in Sheng Jin Lake.The white crene and grey crane always had been less since the beginning of Sheng Jin Lake,and there had been no trace at present.The number of white Hooded Crane fluctuated greatly,the number was 517in 1986,in 1996 the number was reduced to 115,in 2001 rose to 481,and in 2015dropped to only 40,was the only visible wintering crane in Sheng Jin Lake.The situation of the cranes population was worrying.4)The optimum habitat area of Sheng Jin Lake wetland was 10685.147 hm~2,accounting for about 32.05%of the whole area.The diversity index of reed beach was0.811,which was the highest correlation with the variation in the number of cranes.The larger the reed beach area was,the more the number of cranes was,and the area of the reed beach area had declined since the construction of the area.In addition,the number of cranes had great relevance with marsh and mudflats,annual rainfall,the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.The population quantity change of cranes in Sheng Jin Lake Natural Wetland was the result of the comprehensive action of many factors,which the protection of the rare cranes should be taken into account,combined with the actual situation in Sheng Jin Lake wetland,from the aspects of maintaining ecological protection system,control test area of construction land,the change of residents income mode,distance and noise control of road facilities and other aspects to manage the Sheng Jin Lake Natural Wetland.