| The Dongjiang River Basin is the “life water source” which is necessary for the normal life,socio-economic development and ecological environment protection of the downstream urban agglomeration of the Pearl River Delta.In recent years,with the rapid socio-economic development,the pressure of the ecosystem in the river basin has been increasing.The differences in resource endowments and industries between the upper and lower reaches of the river basin have brought about obviously spatial imbalances in the socio-economic development and ecological environment of the region.How to coordinate the conflicts of interest in the environment and development issues of the Dongjiang River Basin and how to achieve a harmonious and balanced development of the region have become an urgent problem to be solved.The evaluation of ecosystem service value and ecological compensation research are frontier and hot issues in the current field of environmental economics,ecology,environmental management,and sustainable development.Exploring the value of regional ecosystem services and their ecological compensation mechanisms is an important way to coordinate regional economic development and promote ecological construction.In this research,the Dongjiang River Basin was selected as the study area.Several commonly assessment methods of ecosystem service valuation were compared and analyzed systematically,and the equivalent factor method showed better advantages than others in the evaluation of regional ecosystem service value.Therefore,the equivalence factor method was applied to evaluate the ecosystem service value of Dongjiang River Basin.Based on the analysis of the ratio of the ecological value data in the study area,and the Chinese Ecosystem Service Value Equivalent Factors Table for reference,this paper established a revised The Dongjiang River Basin Ecosystem Service Value Equivalency Factor Table by a certain correction principle.Respectively using the Chinese Ecosystem Service Value Equivalency Factor Table and the revised Dongjiang River Basin Ecosystem Service Value Equivalency Factor Table,this paper estimated the unit area value and total value of ecosystem services in the Dongjiang River Basin and each county and city,and compared the results from the two equivalence factor tables.ArcGIS was used to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of ecological value of each county and city.Based on this,according to the benefits and compensation scope of the ecosystem service function of the river basin,thispaper determined the theoretical ecological compensation standards for the Dongjiang River Basin.Then the actual ecological compensation standards for the cities in the Dongjiang River Basin were calculated based on the method of differential ecological compensation standards.At the same time,this paper used the Ecological Compensation Priority Sequence(ECPS)to quantify the urgent level of ecological compensation in the 19 cities in the Dongjiang River Basin.Finally,this paper puted forward some ecological compensation recommendations.The main conclusions of this study were as follows:1)The equivalence factor method was simpler and more comprehensive than the traditional alternative market technology and simulation market technology in assessing regional ecosystem service value,and it can also consider ecosystem characteristics and regional characteristics fully.Because the Dongjiang River Basin spans two provinces of Jiangxi and Guangdong,it has the relatively large area,the internal complex ecosystem service functions and ecological environment issues,and obtaining basic data difficultly.So this study used the equivalent factor method to evaluate the ecosystem service value of Dongjiang River Basin.2)Based on the China Ecosystem Service Value Equivalency Table,the total value of ecosystem services in Dongjiang River Basin of 2015 was 197.663 billion yuan.The value of forest ecosystem was the most significant.The order of each ecosystem value was that: forest > water area > wetland >farmland > grassland > unused land > construction land.The order of the first-level ecological services value was that: regulation services > support services > supply services > cultural services.And the order of the secondary ecological service values was that: hydrological regulation > climate adjustment > soil conservation > maintenance of biological diversity > gas regulation > purification of environment >provision of aesthetic landscape > production of raw materials > food production > maintenance of nutrient cycling > water supply.Based on the revised Dongjiang River Basin Ecosystem Services Value Equivalent Factor Table,the total value of ecosystem services in the Dongjiang River Basin of 2015 was 199.872 billion yuan.The order of each ecosystem value was that: forest > water area > farmland > grassland > unused land >construction land.The order of the first-level ecological services value was that: regulation services >support services > supply services > cultural services.And the order of the secondary ecological servicevalues was that: hydrological regulation > climate adjustment > soil conservation > gas regulation > raw material production > purification environment > maintenance of biological diversity > provision of aesthetic landscape > food production > water supply.The forest coverage rate of Dongjiang River Basin is relatively high,but the forest structure is simple(coniferous forest accounts for a larger proportion);and the value of water resources utilization is higher.Through comparison and analysis of the results of the two equivalence factor tables,it was found that the revised Dongjiang River Basin Ecosystem Services Equivalency Factor Table was better reflect the characteristics of the Dongjiang River Basin in the equivalence value ratio,the value of the forest and water area,and the main ecosystem service function value ratio,and the total value of the ecosystem.Therefore,the revised Dongjiang River Basin Ecosystem Services Equivalence Factor Table was more applicable to assess the ecosystem service value of Dongjiang River Basin.3)The order of the ecosystem service value of 19 counties in the Dongjiang River Basin was that Dongyuan County > Boluo County > Zijin County > Longmen County > Heping County > Huidong County > Longchuan County > Lianping County > Xunwu County > Huiyang District > Zengcheng >Dongguan > Xinfeng County > Dingnan County > Anyuan County > Shenzhen City > Huizhou District >Heyuan City > Xingning County.The unit area ecosystem service value in descending order was that:Dongyuan County > Longchuan County > Xingning County > Dingnan County > Anyuan County >Xunwu County > Heping County > Xinfeng County > Longmen County > Zijin County > Huidong County > Lianping County > Boluo County > Heyuan District > Huizhou Downtown > Huiyang >Zengcheng > Dongguan > Shenzhen.The high value areas of ecosystem service value and unit area ecosystem service value were mainly distributed in the middle and upper reaches.The forest coverage in this area was high and the ecological and environmental protection was better.The low value areas were mainly distributed in the downstream urban agglomerations,and the economic development in this area was rapid;The seriously damaged ecological environment resulted in a low ecological value.4)The total theoretical amount of ecological compensation of Dongjiang River basin in 2015 was 133.427 billion yuan.The order of ecological compensation standard of ecosystems was that: forest>water area> farmland> grassland> construction land.Among them,the compensation amount of forest ecosystem accounted for 75.96% of the total compensation amount,which was the core of ecologicalcompensation in Dongjiang River Basin;the water area accounted for 19.38% of the total compensation amount.It can be seen that forests and water areas were the main ecological types of ecological compensation in the Dongjiang River Basin.5)The total actual amount of ecological compensation for the cities of Dongjiang River Basin in2015 was 9.189 billion yuan.The order of the actual ecological compensation amount for cities was that:Dongyuan > Zijin > Peace > Longchuan > Xunwu > Lianping > Longmen > Xinfeng > Dingnan >Anyuan > Huidong > Boluo > Huiyang > Zengcheng > Xingning > Dongguan > Heyuan > Huizhou >Shenzhen.According to the results of Ecological Compensation Priority Sequence,ecological compensation should be given priority in Dongyuan,Anyuan,Xunwu,Zijin,Longchuan,Xinfeng,Lianping,Heping and Dingnan counties.It can be seen that the ecological compensation needs were relatively large in the upper middle reaches,especially the Dongyuan and Zijin counties,which needed ecological compensation urgently.While the demand for ecological compensation in the downstream areas was relatively small.Who should pay ecological compensation consciously. |
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