The Assessment Of The Ecosystem Services And Its Ecological Compensation For Wetland In Shandong Province

Wetlands,forests and oceans are the three most important ecosystem on earth Wetland is a kind of unique ecosystem not only providing products of animals and plants,offering water,mineral resources,providing living and production sites,but also has key ecological functions,such as protecting genetic biodiversity,holding water,regulating climate,filtrating and depredating the pollutants and purifying water quality,and social functions,such as sightseeing and tourism,education and research, etc.Since the 1950s,in order to deal with the economic and social development of resources depletion and ecological damage,ecological benefit compensation has been a new way to solve the problem in some countries and regions.And it becomes more and more important te balance and coordinate between the ecological protection and the development of ec(?)nomic and society.When exploit,use and protect wetlands, establish an consumma:ecological benefit compensation system as a criterion will be a key to the protection on ecological environment of wetland in Shandong.Shandong is rich in wetland resources with different types,vast area and abundant resources.According to the definition of wetland in "Ramsar Convention on Wetlands",the wetlands of Shandon were classified into 5 types:coastal,estuary, riverine,lacustrine and swamp wetlands.Wetlands play an important role in maintaining ecological balance and promoting economic development.However,in the process of developing and using wetlands,many wetland resources and functions have been seriously damaged for lack of knowledge on the ecological functions of wetlands.This hampers the eco-environment protection and sustainable development in Shandong province.Through a systematical discuss on Shandong wetland ecosystem service functions, 6 important service functions as evaluation objects were confirmed,including habitat and refuge,food and raw materials production,waster treatment,gas and climate regulation,water supply and tourism.Based on the evaluation measure and systematic index this paper used,the value of ecosystem service functions of Shandong wetland is assessed by field investigation and social survey methods.Evaluated the total value of Shandong province and 7 important regions,in which most wetlands exist, provided a scientific basis for the working of developing an consummate ecological benefit compensation system of Shandong wetland.The values of different types of wetland systems and different service functions were compared to analyze the constitution and deficiency of the ecological functions of Shandong wetland;the value of Shandong wetland was also compared with other researches on ecological service values both home and abroad to induce the focus development of the ecological functions of Shandong wetland;the resident's willingness to pay for wetland and acceptance space for compensation were attained by statistical analysis of the social survey results.The achievements above were employed as the basis for the working of establishing a consummate ecological benefit compensation system of Shandong wetland.The feasibility and necessity of ecological benefit compensation in Shandong province were analyzed.A special compensation system of Shandong wetland was designed according to the stdudy;Some key issues were discussed,such as the subject, object,standard,forms,ways,etc.of the compensation system.Based on the study,a frame of the compensation of wetland in Shandong was proposed.