| With the rapid development of economy and science and technology,people's way of life has become more and more dependent on science and technology.It can be said that science and technology permeates every corner of human life,and gradually causes people to form a kind of thinking mode of “technological behavior”.Technology has gone from a tool for improving people's lives to a mindset of indirect control over people's behaviour,which is a phenomenon that is evident in capitalist societies.People can enjoy the convenience brought by scientific and technological achievements and depend on its control at the same time,this is called technology alienation.Technology alienation is manifested in the economic benefits,ecological environment destruction and alienated consumption brought about by indulging in the achievements of science and technology,especially in the capitalist society,the worship of technology has reached an unprecedented degree,and gradually became a kind of force that contradicts the essence of human beings.According to Eco-Marxists,in the course of the development of human history,the social function of technology has different effects in different classes of society,The idea that technology determines historical development or that technology is passively adapted to human needs does not correspond to the essence of technology.Technology pessimism,technology optimism and technology neutrality all talk about the relationship between technology and society abstractly,and we can not see the ideology that technology carries.Eco-Marxism mainly revolves around the dimension of technology and values and institutions to launch the technical criticism.The critical theory of ecological Marxism technology is formed in this kind of alienated environment,its main representative figures are James O'Connor,Andre Goez,Ben Agger,and Foster and so on.They studied and criticized the alienation of human and environment by technology under the capitalist mode of production,and elaborated their respective technological critical theories and technological development models,thus explored the new way of ecological socialism.Ecological Marxists oppose the view that technological progress can solve the ecological crisis of the present society.At the same time,they oppose the romantic environmentalism that restricts the development of technology.They emphasize that technological alienation should be related to the mode and nature of capitalist production.Ecological Marxists attack Western environmentalism,which regards technology and industrialization as the main cause of global ecological crisis,and even deny the “Original Sin Theory” that the development of science and technology is the root of environmental damage.Eco-Marxism holds that technology and social development is a complex issue.If we want to probe into the nature of technology,we must make a comprehensive analysis of its social function,value effect and cultural influence.This paper mainly analyzes and criticizes the “technical reason” under the capitalist system,based on the ecological view of Ecological Marxism,and expounds the forming background,theoretical source and main content of the thought.There are many lessons to be learned from Eco-Marxism's critical thinking on technology,for example,it has some reference value in the establishment of “steady-state economic model”,the development of small technology,the positive effect of technology on development,and how to avoid technological dissimulation,etc..Through the study of the critical thoughts of ecological Marxism technology,it is helpful to have a comprehensive and clear understanding of the relationship between the ecological environment problem and the development of science and technology under the contemporary capitalist system,thus providing a new perspective for us to understand the new changes of capitalist society.In addition,the critical thought of Eco-Marxism has some referential value to the construction of science and technology and ecology construction in China. |
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