| Economy has maintained a strong growth momentum in China since the reform and opening up.China has become the main driving force for world economic growth in the 21st century.China's macroeconomic operation has been improved steadily and maintained medium-to-high-speed growth.The GDP has grown 7.2%,which is not only higher than the average world level(2.5%)over the same period but also higher than the average developing economies level(4%).However,a more and more serious challenge is being faced by this economic growth mode.It is an unprecedented ecological problem that China is facing up.It has made the ecosystem overwhelmed that the extensive development of high investment,high consumption,high pollution and low efficiency.For a long time,it is a problem that unreasonable development and utilization of natural resources.This not only causes excessive consumption and serious waste,but also causes great pollution and damage to the environment.The leeway of ecosystem in the past high-speed period is still relatively large.It leads to an increasingly rigid and strict pressure on the ecosystem that continued expansion of economic scale and continued increase in resources and environmental consumption.In this stage,the constraints of the ecosystem are becoming more and more obvious.It is even more difficult to rely on the massive consumption of non-renewable resources to achieve rapid economic growth.To a large extent,the space for economic growth depends on whether it can turn to a green,low-carbon,circular sustainable growth mode.That is,whether it can really improve the efficiency of ecological use in economic development or not.Based on the analysis and summary of the existing literature,this paper clarifies the significance of ecological efficiency research in the development of circular economy,and determines the general idea of exploring ecological efficiency and its influencing factors from the perspective of circular economy.Firstly,a novel ecological efficiency evaluation system is proposed which considered both the indicator of ecological resources and the indicator of economic waste caused by environmental pollution.It can more scientifically reflect the interdependence and mutual influence between economy,social development and ecological efficiency.Secondly,the panel-data contains 30 provinces from 2011 to 2015 is used to research object and a super-efficient SBM model introducing undesired outputs is adopted.And through this method,the ecological efficiency of different regions and provinces in China is measured.Thirdly,the Malmquist index method under the traditional and common frontier ideas and the TGR are used to comprehensively examine the trends of ecological efficiency.Finally,Tobit regression analysis is used to explore and test the direction and intensity of the main influencing factors of ecological efficiency.Potential ecological problems behind the rapid development of China's economy is analyzed and discussed,which is being focus on not only China but also the world.This paper aims to summarize the reasons for achieving results and found existed problems.By this way,this paper provides a range of practical policy recommendations for relevant departments to achieve the coordinated and sustainable development of China's economy,society and ecology.This paper mainly draws the conclusions as follows:(1)China's eco-efficiency shows a pattern of from east to west,gradually merging from coastal to inland.There is a significant step imbalance in the development of circular economy in different regions.The ecological efficiency is highest in the eastern region,the second in the western region,and the lowest in the central region.(2)The cluster effect of China's eco-efficiency is obvious,but the radiation effect is insufficient.The level of development of circular economy is unbalanced in different regions or in different provinces in the same region.(3)The deficit problem of the ecosystem caused by economic development is gradually alleviated.The contradiction between economy and ecology still exists in a short time,especially in north-west region.(4)It is at the upper-middle that the level of total factor productivity(TFP)under the Meta-frontier.The gaps of intra-regions are gradually narrowing,and the convergence characteristics of development are more obvious.The gaps of exterior-regions are gradually expanding,and the differentiation characteristics of development are more prominent.(5)The proportion of the tertiary industry and the level of market opening have a positive effect on the improvement of ecological efficiency and tend to strengthen.Government regulation and population density also have a positive effect on the improvement of ecological efficiency but tend to weaken.(6)The proportion of secondary industry and the energy structure have a negative impact on the improvement of ecological efficiency.The innovations of this paper mainly include five aspects.Firstly,integrate research findings on resource efficiency and environmental efficiency systematically and pay more attention to the integrity and unity of ecosystems(resources and environment)in the development of circular economy.Secondly,the key indicators of the stock of ecological resources and the indicators of economic waste caused by environmental pollution are included in the new eco-efficiency evaluation system in order to reflecting the interdependence and mutual influence between economy,social development and ecological efficiency scientifically.Thirdly,optimized efficient SBM model introducing undesired output is used to measure the ecological efficiency of different regions of China.This method optimizes the negative effect of undesired output successfully.Fourthly,investigate the trend of ecological efficiency using the Malmquist index and TGR under the traditional and common frontier ideas.Fifthly,Tobit regression analysis method is used to explore and test the intensity and dynamic trend of the main influencing factors of ecological efficiency to make the analysis more comprehensive and complete. |
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