| In this thesis,the mechanism of the influence of hydrocarbons on the foaming properties of foaming agents and the emulsification mechanism of foaming agents were studied.It is concluded that only the formation of pseudo-emulsion foaming agents can be foamed under hydrocarbon conditions.Only when the system has the immersion coefficient E>0,the spreading factor S<0,and the bridging coefficient B<0,a stable oil bridge can be formed,which makes the foam performance stable.Through experimental tests,it is concluded that the salt-tolerant and oil-resistant foaming agent generally has the following characteristics:low surface tension,mixed carbon chain,carbon number between8 and 12,or the number of C8 to C12 hydrophobic chain being the majority.Hydrophilic groups are more hydrophilicn and the amphoteric surfactant is preferred.The foaming agent betaine T5 is synthesized with tertiary amine K2,tertiary amine K3,tertiary amine K4 and sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate.The foaming agent amine amine Y2 is synthesized using a tertiary amine K1,a tertiary amine K2,a tertiary amine A1 and a tertiary amine A2.The surface tensions of the two blowing agents at different concentrations were determined by a surface tension meter to obtain the critical micelle concentration?CMC?and the corresponding surface tension(?CMC).The structures of the synthesized foaming agents,betaine T5 and amine oxide Y2,were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.After analysis,the two foaming agents synthesized were the target products.The synthesis conditions were optimized.The data showed that the optimal conditions of betaine T2 were as follows:the ratio of tertiary amine to sodium3-chloro-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate was 1:1.1,the reaction time was 6 h,and the reaction temperature was 85°C.The optimized conditions of amine oxide Y2are as follows:the catalyst ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium is 1.6%,the oxidant is added dropwise over 30 minutes,the molar ratio of tertiary amine to oxidant is 1:1.2,the reaction temperature is 80°C,and the reaction time is 6 h.The carbon chain composition of the two foaming agents were optimized and the synthetic formula of the two foaming agents were determined.Then,the two foaming agents were optimized after respectively compounding with other surfactants,and the original solution of the CQF-4-1#foaming agent was:betaine T5 is added with 0.3%?w?fluorocarbon surfactant FS500 and 1%?w?foam stabilizer coconut oil fatty acid dimethanolamide?6501?;CQF-4-2#foaming agent was prepared as follows:0.4%?w?fluorocarbon surfactant FS500and 1.5%?w?foam stabilizer 6501 are added to the amine oxide Y2.The liquid carrying rate under the condition of 100000mg/L mineralized mineralized water and 30%???condensate are 80%,78%respectively.They were applied to the six districts of the second gas production plant with high condensate content in Shenmu gas field.The test was carried out in 19 test wells for a period of 36 days.During the test period,the total amount of the agent was 4.725 tons,and the average input of each well was 10 barrels.During the test,17 wells in 19 wells are effective,and the effective rate of CQF-4 foam drainage agents is89.5%.Before and after the injection,the daily gas production increased from0.7233×104 m3 to 0.7722×104 m3,and the daily average gas production increased by 0.0489×104 m3.The effect of yield increase is remarkable. |
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