Study On Farmers’ Livelihood Change And Environmental Willingness Response By The Grain For Green Program Indam System Agricultural Small Watershed In Northern Shaanxi

China launched a pilot project to convert farmland into forests in 1999 and launched it in 2001.The jiyuangou watershed in northern shaanxi has been under comprehensive management since the 1950s,forming a relatively complete dam system of agriculture and laying a good foundation for the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forests.In the 20 years since the implementation of the project,whether the livelihood of farmers returning farmland to forests has been driven by the project has changed,whether the environmental willingness of farmers returning farmland has been affected by the change of livelihood capital,and how the livelihood capital of farmers affects the environmental willingness.Based on this,this study takes sustainable livelihood framework as the theoretical basis and combines Logistic regression model and structural equation model to analyze the impact of returning farmland to forest on farmers’ livelihood in leyuangou,determine the influencing factors of farmers’livelihood behavior transformation and explore the relationship between farmers’ livelihood and environmental intention.The results show that:(1)compared with the non-returning farmland households,the project of returning farmland to forest makes the agricultural income of the returning farmland households decrease significantly,the non-agricultural income and subsidy income increase significantly,and the overall income increases somewhat.The cultivated land area in the middle slope of natural capital was significantly reduced(4.28**),labor income in financial capital(2.83*)and subsidy income(11.62***),participation in social capital(5.31**)and productive tools in material capital(2.96**)were significantly increased.(2)compared with non-converted farmland households,the conversion of farmland to forest promotes the transition from pure farming to part-time farming and from pure farming to non-agricultural livelihood behavior.(3)farmers in the river basin support the development of ecological compensation as a whole.Farmers’ willingness to participate in ecological compensation and ecological protection is stronger than that of non-farmers,and the impact of livelihood capital on environmental willingness is in order of human capital(0.8216),financial capital(0.56),social capital(0.4348)and natural capital(-0.08).The effects of livelihood capital of non-farmland farmers on environmental protection willingness were successively human capital(0.805),social capital(0.7408),financial capital(0.53)and natural capital(0.13).To sum up,the land conversion project drives the transition from pure farming to co-farming and non-farming;Compared with the farmers who did not participate in the returning farmland,the environmental intention of the returning farmland households was strengthened to some extent by the change of livelihood behavior,and the change of human capital,financial capital and social capital of the returning farmland households determined their intention orientation to participate in the ecological project and ecological protection.