Research On Temporal-Spatial Characteristics And Factor Of The Smog Pollution In China

In recent years,with the rapid development of economy,environmental problems have become increasingly prominent,the most serious of which is smog.Smog brings great harm.Serious visual impairment leads to frequent traffic accidents.Smog can also be absorbed by human body.Long-term accumulation in the body can cause various respiratory tract infections and other diseases,which pose a serious threat to human physical and mental health.The formation mechanism of smog pollution is very complex,mainly including human and atmospheric reasons.Therefore,it is very important to understand the distribution of smog in China,and influencing factors of smog and to control them accordingly.This paper is divided into two parts.The first part studies the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of smog in China.The air quality index(AQI)and PM2.5 are used as indicators to measure smog.The AQI values and PM2.5 concentration values of 31 provinces and citics in China from 2014 to 2018 are analyzed in time and space dimensions.The results show that;(1)with the increase of time,the smog situation in China is gradually weakening;(2)the smog is most serious in late autumn and winter in provinces and cities of China,and the smog situation in spring is improved,and the frequency of smog in summer is the lowest In spatial dimension,combined with the spatial location of each province,the spatial distribution characteristics of AQI and PM2.5 in 31 provinces and cities of China from 2014 to 2018 are analyzed by using spatial autocorrelation analysis method.The global Moran index is calculated and the local Moran scatter map is drawn.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)There was significant spatial self-correlation in smog pollution in China as a whole.Relevant,that is,the areas with higher AQI and PM2.5 are centralized in space,while those with lower AQI and PM2.5 are centralized in space;(2)By analyzing the local spatial characteristics of the provinces,it is concluded that the provinces with positive spatial autocorrelation have the largest number in the whole province,mainly in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei and the surrounding areas.The second part studies the factors affecting the smog occurrence in 30 provinces and cities in China from 2014 to 2017.Firstly,cluster analysis is carried out on the research objects.According to the degree of haze,the research objects are divided into three categories,namely,light haze area,medium smog area and heavy smog area.Secondly,the grey relational analysis method is used to calculate the correlation degree of the three types of regional influencing factors,and the following conclusions are obtained:Consumption is the primary factor affecting heavy smog areas,GDP per capita is the primary factor affecting moderate smog areas,and smoke and dust emission is the primary factor affecting light smog areas.According to the different influencing factors of heavy smog area,moderate smog area and light smog area,corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the situation of smog in China.