Tourism Ecological Footprint And Influencing Factors Of National Park

Since the establishment of the first national park in the world in the United States,many countries have followed suit to establish national parks.In China,national parks,as the main body in the natural reserve system,are composed of the most important parts of the natural natural ecosystem.China officially started the national park system pilot in 2015.So far,10 national park system pilot areas have been established,but how to improve the protection of national parks is still being explored.As one of the major functions of national parks,recreation is a major way to realize the public welfare of national parks;how to carry out ecological education,ecotourism,and other activities within the national park to maintain its recreational function under the premise of maintaining protection,realizing the sustainable development of tourism in national parks is an urgent problem.This article takes the tourism ecological footprint of Shennongjia as a research object,based on the LMDI model and the STIRPAT model,analyze the spatial and temporal differences of tourism ecological footprint,and compare the tourism ecological footprints of different types of tourists in Shennongjia National Park.On this basis,sort out the existing problems of tourism sustainable management in Shennongjia National Park,put forward systematic recommendations for tourism sustainable management of national park.The results show that the tourism ecological footprint of Shennongjia Forest region has shown an upward trend from 2008 to 2017.The tourism ecological footprint increased rapidly after a rapid decline in 2009,and then reached its peak in ten years in 2014.Cultivated land is the type of land use most occupied by the tourism ecological footprint of the Shennongjia forest region,followed by fossil energy land and waters.The total area of the three types of land accounts for more than 95%.The tourism ecological footprint of Shennongjia National Park in 2017 was 24979.38 hm~2.The ecological footprint of catering,accommodation,and waste are the top three most contributing tourism ecological footprints.Unlike the ecological footprint of forest region,fossil energy land is the largest land use type in Shennongjia National Park's tourism ecological footprint.The analysis results based on the LMDI model show that from 2008 to 2017,structural effects,economic effects and tourist scale effects have a positive promotion effect on tourism ecological footprint,while technological effects have a negative suppression effect,its cumulative contribution rate is 0.03%,31.95%,180.51%and-112.49%.The analysis results using the STIRPAT model are slightly different.The ratio of tourism added value to GDP has the greatest impact on tourism ecological footprint,and its standardized coefficient is 0.708;followed by urbanization level,10,000 yuan GDP energy consumption,the proportion of tertiary industry,tourism ecological footprint intensity and number of tourists,the standardized coefficients ofare 0.281,0.088,-0.061,0.004 and-0.003 respectively.Based on the LMDI model,it is found that Shennongjia National Park has the smallest tourists scale and tourism ecological footprint,but the per capita tourism consumption is higher than Zhangjiajie and Huangshan.According to 169 questionnaires,the tourists are classified according to region,age,occupation and organizational form,and the tourism ecological footprint of different types of tourists is compared.The result shows that tourists from Hunan and Liaoning have a higher tourism shopping ecological footprint,and tourists aged 25-35 have the highest per capita tourist ecological footprint,while tourists over 55 have the lowest;the tourism ecological footprint per capita is highest for enterprise workers,and the tourism ecological footprint for tourists who play alone is also significantly higher than that for tourists of other organizations.This study believes that there are problems in the infrastructure,tourist flow and institutional management of Shennongjia National Park,and based on this,the following suggestions are proposed:(1)Improve the lack of infrastructure from the aspects of infrastructure planning,utilization,and tourists;(2)Strengthen tourists management through vigorous publicity and punishment for misconduct;(3)Through regular vocational training,recruitment of volunteers and surrounding The participation of residents in work and other forms improve the management of national park staff.This article can not only provide suggestions for the sustainable management of tourism in Shennongjia National Park,but also provide references for sustainable management of tourism in other national parks.