The Impact Of Environmental Regulations On Employment In China

Ecological environment and social employment are important issues of people’s livelihood.Strengthening environmental regulation is conducive to promoting environmental quality.But it also has an impact on the employment of labor in local areas and different industries.How to achieve environmental regulation in terms of environmental protection and full employment The "double dividend" caused great concern.The process of environmental regulation affecting labor employment is more complicated.The impact path can be divided into direct impact and indirect impact.Direct impact will produce factor substitution effect and production scale effect.Factors have an indirect effect.The impact results can be divided into two kinds of results: employment loss and employment creation.The increase in the total cost of the enterprise and the conversion from labor-intensive to capital-intensive will reduce the level of employment;the introduction of technical talents and consumers’ preference for green products will increase the level of employment.The total impact of environmental regulations on the labor force depends on the sum of job losses and job creation.From a spatial perspective of impact,there are significant differences between provinces in China in terms of economic level and policy implementation effects.Each province is not independent of each other.Environmental regulation not only affects the province,but also affects the surrounding provinces,that is,environmental regulation Has a certain space overflow effect.This article selects Chinese provincial panel data from 2003 to 2017(except Tibet).First,establish a system GMM model which based on dynamic panel data.The regression results show that there is a non-linear relationship between environmental regulations and labor employment.Secondly,the dynamic panel threshold regression is conducted for the whole country,the coast,and the inland.The results show that the three sample data all have a double threshold effect.When the industrial structure level crosses the second threshold,the impact of environmental regulation on labor employment is negative,then turn to be positive.From regional perspective,the industrial structure of coastal regions is higher than that of inland regions.Finally,the spatial adjacency,spatial distance,and spatial economic matrix weights are established.Then establish spatial Du-bin model,and carry out effect decomposition.The estimation results show that environmental regulation has a negative spatial effect on labor employment.Based on the research conclusions,this article makes relevant recommendations.First of all,it is necessary to improve the current environmental regulation policy and strengthen supervision,so that environmental protection can be legally enforced and law enforcement must be strict;secondly,environmental regulation,employment promotion and industrial structure adjustment work should be done according to local conditions in accordance with local conditions.Opportunities brought by intelligence,big data and etc.Then establish a long-term mechanism for environmental regulation to drive enterprise innovation,support the development of green industries,and encourage cleaner production of enterprises;and finally improve the education level and basic skills of the labor force,solve structural unemployment,and rationally guide regulation Constrained labor reconfiguration.