Research On Active Ingredients Analysing At Different Stages And Triterpenoids Inducing Of Ganoderma

Ganoderma lucidum has been used as a natural tonic,a tribute to the Emperor's elixir,is a symbol of good luck,which has a very important medicinal value,such as anti-tumor,liver,enhance immunity,anti-HIV,etc.Many of the current findings suggest that these effects of its main active ingredients are Ganoderma triterpenoids and polysaccharides.Currently,water extraction is the main way to get these two ingredients,but it can not extract the effective ingredients of Ganodermalucidum efficiently.At the same time,how to artificially induce the Ganoderma to improve the quality has become a very important research direction through inducer.This study mainly contains the following parts:1.Comparing the growth rate of different species of Ganoderma(Ganoderma lucidum,Ganoderma sinense,Ganoderma tsugae)and different kinds of Ganodermalucidum in growth tube and big growth tube.Huang er,H and Q strains had a very high growth speed while G.Sinense and G.tsuage's growth rate is low.There was no correlation of growth rate between the growth tubes and big growth tube.Comparing the main characteristics of these varieties mycelium grown in petri dish and found that they exhibit different states in late liquid fermentation,such as liquid,viscous and jelly-like.We found that those strains whose growth speed are more quickly,their fermentation state are the jelly-like while those slower strains' are viscous and those slowest strains' are liquid.2.Comparing the difference of intracellular polysaccharideand exopolysaccharides of fermentation broth.The results showed that the H strain's polysaccharide content is highest.We found that polysaccharides content of two G.tsuage's strains MH and S-1 and G.lucidum strain S-1 is more than others in fermentation broth whose growth speed are very slow in both the growth tubes and big growth tube.We speculate that the slower growth rate of strain,the liquid fermentation with the higher the content of exopolysaccharides of fermentation broth.3.By measuring the polysaccharides content of different strains in primordium stage,we found that strain No.102,0012 and Q's polysaccharides content are more high than others.Strain No.102's polysaccharide content in both fermentation mycelia and fermentation broth is very low.The result showed that all strains' polysaccharides content in the primordia is higher than fermentation mycelium and fruiting body.4.The study also measured the triterpenoids content of fermentation mycelium,primordia and the fruiting body,the strains No.S,JCL,0012,AL'triterpenoids content were more than others'.We took kinds of strains'fruiting body what growing well,measured the triterpenoids content,compared it with fermentation mycelium and primordium,we found that they were all more high in the fruiting body than which in the primordium and fermentation mycelium,the G.lucidum triterpenoids content of strain-AL was 2.57%.So we summarized that not only the growth rapid of strain-102,strain-AL were fast but also the G.lucidum triterpenoids content of which fruiting body were high.5.We used two methods to extract the triterpenoids and polysaccharide and then compared them,the first method was that extracting the polysaccharide of primordia with hot water firstly,then extracted the triterpenoids from residual,the second method was extracting the triterpenoids with ethanol method firstly then extracted the polysaccharide from primordia with hot water from residual.We found that the triterpenoids content with the first method not only could reach 94.5%of which was exacted with ethanol method directly,but also some strains of them can exceed the ethanol method directly.The polysaccharide content with the second method could only reach 67.49%of which was exacted with hot water method directly.So we thought that the first method was the best method to exact the triterpenoids and the polysaccharide to increase the utilization rate of G.lucidum nutritional value.6.We found that the triterpenoids component and content in the fruiting body were both higher than which in the primordium and mycelium through detecting the fingerprint of G.lucidum triterpenoids by HPLC method to contrast the differences between which in the mycelium,primordium and the fruiting body.There were also different fingerprint between different strains.And there were different fingerprint of the triterpenoids component by different exaction methods.7.We looked at the example of strain-006,and using appropriate concentration and mode to add in to contrast the induction of the forsythia,ginkgo leaf,aspirin as the inducer to the triterpenoids content,the result showed that the three kinds of inducers all could increase the triterpenoids content.We looked at the example of strain-102,kept them standing incubation when which fermentation liquor presented jelly-like gradually after 10 days later,we found that the triterpenoids content in the mycelia of fermentation liquor surface and inside went up firstly and then declined as time went on,and the triterpenoids content in the surface mycelia of fermentation liquor were higher than the inside mycelia of which,the triterpenoids content was highest in the surface mycelia of fermentation liquor when they were fermented 25 days.8.We obtained the FPS gene sequences of several different kinds of strains by clone,the result showed that the genes in the same variety there were differences between different strains.We researched the variations of gene expression quantity with the increasing of triterpenoids content when different inductors were added,the result showed that the gene expression quantity of the mycelia which were added different inducers were declined,so we concluded that the genes were feedback by the substrates.