| Objective:The content and structure of diet in type 2 diabetics were investigated by weighing method to record 3×24 hours dietary diary,through comparing the dietary structure characteristics of overweight/obese type 2 diabetic patients with normal body weight type 2 diabetics,to provide the reference for individualized medical nutrition therapy guidance of type 2 diabetics.Method:103 out-patients(age ? 25 years)who met the inclusion criteria of Fuzhou General Hospital from January to June in 2017.Patients were divided into 3 groups according to body mass index(BMI): normal group,overweight group,obese group.Each of respondents was asked to carry out 3×24 hours dietary diary by weighing method,and everyone's height,weight,waist,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),and blood lipid levels were measured.Mean daily intakes of total calorie,carbohydrates,protein,fat and dietary fiber,and energy supply ratio of carbohydrates,protein,fat and three meals a day were calculated and analyzed by software of trophic analysis.Results:1.In this study,103 responses were valid and investigated,including 58 males and 45 females,who subdivided into 3 groups according to BMI: 31 normal group(30.10%),38 overweight group(36.89%),34 obese group(33.01%).2.The difference of total calorie intake in three groups was statistically significant(F=4.321,P=0.016<0.05).Total calorie intake of normal group was significantly decreased compared to obese group[(2094.16±345.53)vs(2487.79±894.32)kcal,P<0.05].Total calorie intake of normal group and overweight group,overweight group and obese group,had no statistics significance[(2094.16±345.53)vs(2171.92±314.09)kcal ?(2171.92±314.09)vs(2487.79±894.32)kcal,P>0.05].Mean daily intakes of total ideal calories were counted,according to height,BMI,and labor intensity,which was made comparison with total actual calories intake: The number of people of total calories intake had statistics significance(?2=34.027,P<0.0001),among them,the proportion of total calories excess in obese group was the highest,reaching 97.06%(33 cases).3.Carbohydrate intake of three groups had statistics significance(F=6.775,P=0.002<0.05).Carbohydrate intake of normal group and overweight group were lower than obese group[(264.86±52.07)vs(331.94±114.14)g ?(275.78±59.80)vs(331.94±114.14)g,all P<0.05].There was no significant statistical difference in the comparison between normal group and overweight group[(264.86±52.07)vs(275.78±59.80)g,P>0.05].There was no significant statistical difference in the comparison of carbohydrate energy supply ratio among three groups[(50.55±5.91)vs(50.61±7.30)vs(53.53±6.03)%,P>0.05].4.Protein intake of three groups had no statistics significance[(87.47±22.27)vs(89.93±20.37)vs(97.73±31.37)g,P>0.05].There was no significant statistical difference in the comparison of protein energy supply ratio among three groups[(16.55±2.39)vs(16.50±2.56)vs(15.76±2.09)%,P>0.05].Protein source of three groups had no statistics significance[plant protein:(52.51±8.86)vs(51.63±10.95)vs(56.02±13.39)%?animal protein:(47.48±8.86)vs(48.36±10.95)vs(46.65±11.33)%,all P>0.05].5.Fat intake of three groups had no statistics significance[(76.11±17.46)vs(78.76±18.77)vs(85.39±40.24)g,P>0.05].There was no significant statistical difference in the comparison of fat energy supply ratio among three groups[(32.74±5.43)vs(32.71±6.39)vs(30.50±5.08)%,P>0.05].The fat energy supply ratio of three groups were too high(the guidelines recommend levels is 20%~30%).6.The dietary fiber of three groups had no statistics significance[(15.68±8.85)vs(12.90±5.16)vs(16.20±8.57)g,P>0.05].The intake of dietary fiber among three groups were not enough(the guidelines recommend levels is 25~50g/d).7.The energy distribution ratio of three meals a day had no statistics significance[breakfast:(27.45±5.37)vs(26.47±6.97)vs(25.62±6.12)% ? lunch:(38.13±6.98)vs(37.92±6.65)vs(39.18±7.95)%?supper:(34.45±4.62)vs(35.55±5.58)vs(34.76±8.26)%,all P>0.05].Conclusion:1.The deficiency of dietary structure in type 2 diabetics was high fat energy supply ratio and less dietary fiber.2.Compared with normal patients with type 2 diabetics,obese type 2 diabetes patients had an excessive daily energy intake,and excess energy was mainly due to excessive carbohydrate intake.3.It can accurately know the content and structure of diet in type 2 diabetics by weighing method to carry out 3×24 hours dietary investigation,which can provide the guidance for individualized medical nutrition therapy of type 2 diabetics. |
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