| Objective:Nowadays,the growing drug abuse problem has become a global problem.The situation in China is also serious.Report on the Drug Situation issued by Office of National Narcotics Control Commission present that in 2018,there were 2,404,000 drug abusers in China,which is still large.Drugs not only harm people’s physical and mental health,but also bring series of problems to the family and society.Extreme cases such as violent attacks and drug-driving accidents occur from time to time,which seriously do harm to the public security.With the promulgation and implementation of the Anti-Drug Law and Drug Rehabilitation Regulations,the model of compulsory isolation for drug rehabilitation has been integrated with the former model of compulsory withdrawal from drug rehabilitation and rehabilitation through labor.The model of compulsory isolation for drug addicts(referred to as "addicts")has become the main model of drug rehabilitation in China by adopting the method of compulsory restraint to force them to quit drug addiction and return to the society in a healthy way.Physical detoxification is relatively easy,but psychological addiction can be lifelong.Long-term drug abuse seriously affects the cognition,emotion,behavior and other psychological functions.Drug abusers’ perception,attention,memory,thinking and personality are obviously damaged.The main reasons for the high relapse rate of drug addicts are psychological craving for drugs and compulsive drug seeking behavior.Drug addicts have low self-esteem,low self-evaluation,and no confidence in returning to society after drug addiction.Therefore,it is of great significance to pay attention to the mentality of drug addicts,to discuss their personality characteristics and mental health,to enhance the confidence of them,to carry out effective psychological education and correction,so as to reduce the relapse rate.In this study,the author selected the addicts in Chongqing as subjects to investigate the characteristics of their personality,mental health and self-efficacy,to discuss and analyze the relationships among them,so as to provide reference for the addicts’ drug rehabilitation management and psychological education.Objects and MethodsA total of 621 addicts from 8 compulsory drug detoxification centers in Chongqing were sampled as the subjects using whole group stratified sampling method.Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI),Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)and General Self Efficacy Scale(GSES)were adopted as the assessment tools.Addicts’ personality,mental health,self-efficacy and the relationship among them are assessed and analyzed.Results1.Personality characteristics of addicts(MMPI score)(1)General characteristics: except for L scale,the scores of K and Si scale were significantly lower than norm(P<0.05,0.01),and the scores of other subscales were significantly higher than that of national norm(P<0.01).Except for the L and D scales,the scores of women’s K and Si scales were lower than the national female norm(P<0.05,0.01),and the scores of other subscales were significantly higher than the national female norm(P<0.01).(2)Gender characteristics: men’s scores of F,Pd,Pa,Pt,Sc and Ma were significantly higher than women’s(P<0.05,0.01).Men’s scores of mf-m and mf-f scale were significantly lower than that of women’s(P<0.01).(3)Characteristics of education level: the scores of F,Hs,Pa,Pt and Sc in the "junior high school and below" group were significantly higher than those in the "senior high school and above" group(P<0.05,0.01).(4)Age characteristics: there were significant age differences in the scores of F,Hs,Pd and Sc subscales(P<0.05,0.01).The F and Hs scores of the "≥50 years old" group were significantly higher than those of the "≤29 years old" group and the "30-49 years old" group(P<0.01).The Pd score of "≤29 years old" group was significantly higher than that of "30-49 years old" and "≥50 years old" group(P<0.05,0.01).The Sc scale of "≥50 years old" group was significantly higher than that of "≤29 years old" and "30-49 years old" group(P<0.05).(5)Differences in the types of drugs used: the scores of Hs,D,Hy and Sc in the "heroin" group were significantly higher than those in the "amphetamin chloride" group(P<0.05,0.01).(6)Differences in drug used: the scores of Hs,D,Hy and Si scales in the "injection" group were significantly higher than those in the "oral inhalation" group(P<0.05,0.01).(7)Differences in drug use time: there were significant inter-group differences in the scores of K and Pt scales among the addicts(P<0.05).The Pt scale score of ">2 years" group was significantly higher than that of "< 1 year" and "1-2 years" group(P<0.05).The K scale score of ">2 years" group was significantly lower than that of "< 1 year" and "1-2 years" group(P<0.05).(8)Differences in drug withdrawal times: there were significant differences in the scores of Hs,D,Pd and Pt scales(P<0.05,0.01).The score of Hs,D and Pt in the "3 times or more" group was significantly higher than that in the "first time" group(P<0.05,0.01).The Pd scale score of "2 times" group was significantly lower than that of "first time" and "3 times or more" group(P<0.05,0.01).2.Mental health characteristics of addicts(1)General characteristics: the positive rate of psychological problems was 50.30%.In order of the severity of psychological problems,the top four were obsessive-compulsive symptoms,depression,somatization and hostility.Except for interpersonal relationship sensitivity factors,the scores of all factors and the total mean score of SCL-90 of the addicts were significantly higher than the Chinese norm(P<0.01).(2)Gender characteristics: the score of male’s SCL-90 hostility and other factors was significantly higher than that of female’s(P<0.05,0.01).(3)Characteristics of education level: scores of somatization,obsessive-compulsive and phobia factors of SCL-90 in "junior high school and below" group were significantly higher than those in "senior high school and above" group(P<0.05,0.01).(4)Age characteristics: there were significant age differences in scores of somatization,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,depression and other factors of SCL-90 among the subjects(P<0.05,0.01).The scores of somatization,obsessive-compulsive symptoms,depression and other factors in the "≥50 years old" group were significantly higher than those in the "≤29 years old" group(P<0.05,0.01).The scores of other factors in the group "≤29 years old" were significantly lower than those in the group "30-49 years old" and "≥50 years old"(P<0.05).Somatization factor score increased with age(P<0.01).(5)Differences in the types of drug used: except for hostility,phobia and paranoia,the scores and average scores of other factors of SCL-90 in the "heroin" group were significantly higher than those in the "amphetamin chloride" group(P<0.05,0.01).(6)Differences in drug used: except for hostility and paranoid,the scores of all other factors and the total mean scores of SCL-90 in the "injection" group were significantly higher than those in the "oral inhalation" group(P<0.05,0.01).(7)Differences in drug use time: there were significant differences in the scores of all factors and the total mean points of SCL-90 among the addicts(P<0.05,0.01).The scores of all factors and total mean points of SCL-90 in the ">2 years" group were significantly higher than those in the "1-2 years" group(P<0.05,0.01).(8)Differences in drug withdrawal times: except for hostility,phobia,paranoia and total scores,the scores of other factors of SCL-90 of subjects had significant differences in drug withdrawal times between the groups(P<0.05,0.01).The scores of somatization,obsessive-compulsive,interpersonal sensitivity,anxiety,depression,psychosis and other factors in the "3 times or more" group were significantly higher than those in the "first time" group(P<0.05,0.01).The score of somatization factor in "the first time" group was significantly lower than that in "2 times" and "3 times or more" group(P<0.01).3.Characteristics of self-efficacy of addicts(1)General characteristics: the score of general self-efficacy of subjects was significantly lower than that of ordinary adults(P<0.01).According to the classification standard of self-efficacy score,222 cases(accounting for 37%)scored 1-2 points(excluding 2 points)at the low level,282 cases(accounting for 47%)scored 2-3 points(excluding 3 points)at the medium level,and only 96 cases(accounting for 16%)scored 3-4 points at the high level.This indicated that the general self-efficacy of abusers is at a low level.(2)Characteristics of education level: GSES score of "senior high school and above" group was significantly higher than that of "junior high school and below" group(P<0.01).(3)Differences in drug withdrawal times: the GSES score of the drug withdrawal in "the first time" was significantly higher than that in "2 times" and "3 times or more" group(P<0.05).4.The correlations among personality characteristics,mental health and self-efficacy(1)Correlation analysis between personality characteristics and mental healthThere was a significant correlation between the MMPI scale and the factors of SCL-90 and the total mean score(P<0.05).The F,Hs,Pd,Pa,Pt,Sc,Ma and Si scales were significantly positively correlated with all factors and total mean scores of SCL-90(P<0.05),while the L and K scales were significantly negatively correlated with all factors and total mean scores of SCL-90(P<0.05).Except for Phobia and psychosis,there was a significant positive correlation between the D scale and all factors and the total mean score of SCL-90(P<0.05).In addition to interpersonal sensitivity,paranoia and psychosis,Hy scale was positively correlated with all factors and total mean score of SCL-90(P<0.05).Mf-f scale was negatively correlated with somatization,hostility,paranoia,psychosis and other factors(P<0.05).(2)Correlation analysis between the personality characteristics and self-efficacyThe F,Hs,D,Hy,Pd,Mf-m,Pa,Pt,Sc and Si scales of the MMPI were negatively correlated with the GSES scale(P<0.05,0.01).(3)Correlation analysis between mental health and self-efficacyThe obsessive-compulsive,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility factors and total mean scores of the subjects were negatively correlated with the GSES scale(P<0.05).(4)Comparison of MMPI differences between people with high and low scores of SCL-90Except for Hy,mf-m and mf-f scales,there were significant differences between the scores of all MMPI scales of people with high SCL-90 scores and those with low SCL-90 scores(P<0.01).Except for L and K scales,the MMPI scores of the group with high SCL-90 were significantly higher than that of the group with low SCL-90(P<0.01).(5)Comparison of MMPI differences between high and low GSES scoresThe scores of F,Hs,D,Hy,Pd,MMPI,Pt,Sc and Si of the patients with high GSES scores were significantly lower than those with low GSES scores(P<0.05,0.01).(6)Comparison of GSES differences between high and low SCL-90The GSES score of the group with high SCL-90 was significantly lower than that of the group with low SCL-90(P<0.05).Conclusion1.The detectable rate of obvious personality deviations and mental health problems in the addicts is 50.3%.Self-efficacy is at a medium and low level.The personality,mental health and self-efficacy of addicts have obvious inter-group differences.2.There are obvious correlations among personality,mental health and self-efficacy.The subjects with low mental health level have low self-efficacy and have obvious personality deviations. |
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