| Objective(1)Explore the differences between cognitive function in schizophrenic patients and healthy people.(2)Explore the difference between the allostatic load of schizophrenia patients and healthy people.(3)To explore the correlation between allostatic load and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.Methods This study is a cross-sectional study.A total of twenty-eight schizophrenic patients(PG)in Beijing huilongguan hospital and thirty-five age-,sex-,education-matched healthy controls(HC)were recruited in this study.All patients were met the Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems(ICD-10)diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia.The inclusion criteria of PG were as follows:(1)Definite diagnosis of schizophrenia according to ICD-10 criteria;(2)20-59 years old;(3)Years of education≥6;(4)Patients with schizophrenia have taken second-generation antipsychotics and have not changed to other antipsychotics in the past 6 weeks.The inclusion criteria of HC were as follows:(1)The age-,sex-,education-matched with the PG;(2)No current or past mental disorder with ICD-10 diagnosis;(3)A family history of mental disorders was negative.Exclusion criteria were as follows:(1)Pregnant or nursing women;(2)Patients who have been treated with electric shock within 2months;(3)Exclude patients suffering from serious physical disease;(4)A history of alcohol or drug abuse in the past 12 months;(5)Individuals with a history of severe drug allergies or are susceptible to allergies;(6)Patients taking related drugs to promote intelligence and affect brain metabolism;(7)Exclude patients with other mental disorders,such as mood disorders,schizophrenia affective disorders,transient psychotic disorders.The positive and negative symptom scale(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale,PANSS)was used to assess the severity of schizophrenia;The cognitive function of schizophrenic patients was evaluated by Chinese version of MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery(MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery,MCCB);In addition,13 biomarkers were used to construct the allostaticload(Allostatic Load,AL)and the index of the AL was calculated using the quartile method.Independent sample T test was used to evaluate the differences in cognitive function and AL between PG and HC;Pearson correlation analysis was used to see the correlation between AL and cognitive function.Results There were no significant differences in gender,age,and education between the PG and HC.The study found significant differences in cognitive function between PG and HC.The total score of MCCB in the healthy control group was higher than that in the schizophrenia group.There was a significant difference between the two groups(t=5.367,P<0.05).In the six cognitive psychological dimensions,the PG scored significantly lower than the HC,including speed of processing(t=3.465,P<0.05),working memory(t=4.087,P<0.05),verbal learning(t=3.076,P<0.05),visual learning(t=-3.622,P<0.05),Reasoning and problem solving(t=4.478,P<0.05),social cognitive(t=3.656,P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in the attention/vigilance(t=1.684,P>0.05).PG and HC in the MCCB 10-item test score,the PG in the symbol code(t=2.743,P<0.05),trail making test(t=2.083,P<0.05),spatial span(t=4.709,P<0.05),hopkins verbal learning test-revised(t=3.076,P<0.05),brief visuospatial memory test-revised(t=3.622,P<0.05),maze test(t=4.478,P<0.05),emotional management test(t=3.656,P<0.05)scores are significantly lower than HC.In category fluency(t=1.844,P>0.05),letter number sequence(t=1.800,P>0.05),continuous performance test(t=1.684,P>0.05),there was no difference between the PG and HC(P>0.05).This study found a significant difference in the AL between schizophrenia patients and healthy people.The AL index in the schizophrenia group was significantly higher than healthy control group.Secondly,among the 13 biomarkers included in AL,resting heart rate(t=-2.412,P<0.05),overnight urinary Epinephrine(t=-2.274,P<0.05),and triglycerides(t=-2.845,P<0.05)were significantly higher than in the HC.However,there was no significant difference between the two groups in systolic blood pressure(t=-0.875,P>0.05),diastolic blood pressure(t=-0.735,P>0.05),hypersensitive creactive protein(t=-0.703,P>0.05),overnight urine norepinephrine(t=1.083,P>0.05),overnight urine cortisol(t=-1.796,P>0.05),waist-hip ratio(t=-1.779,P>0.05),body-mass index(t=-1.664,P>0.05),high density lipoprotein(t=-0.016,P>0.05),total cholesterol(t=1.423,P>0.05),and glycated hemoglobin(t=0.501,P>0.05).The resultsof Pearson correlation analysis showed that the correlation between the AL index and the total score of cognitive function in healthy people was significant negative correlation(r=-0.364,P<0.05).In the MCCB test,the AL index of HC was negatively correlated with attention/vigilance(continuous performance test)(r=-0.504,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with symbol code(r=-0.445,P<0.05).No correlation was found between the other cognitive tests and AL index(P>0.05).AL index and the total score of cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia was significant negative correlation(r=-0.433,P<0.05).in the 7cognitive dimensions of MCCB,the AL index of schizophrenia patients was negatively correlated with working memory(r=-0.415,P<0.05),reasoning and problem solving(r=-0.462,P<0.05),the other cognitive dimensions were not found to be related to the AL index(P>0.05).In addition,in the 10-point MCCB test,the AL index of schizophrenia patients was significantly negatively correlated with spatial span(r=-0.491,P<0.05)and maze test(r=-0.462,P<0.05).The other cognitive tests did not find any correlation with the AL index(P>0.05).Conclusion In this study,the schizophrenic group had worse cognitive function than the healthy group.Mainly manifested in the speed of processing 、 working memory、verbal learning、visual learning、Reasoning and problem solving、social cognitive.Second,patients with schizophrenia have a higher allostatic load than healthy group.Finally,this study also found that the cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia is related to allostatic load,mainly related to working memory,reasoning,and problem solving. |
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