| ObjectivesThis paper describes the prevalence of physical activity and allostatic load among college students,and analyzes the correlation between physical activity and allostatic load.Based on the follow-up study to verify the relationship between the dynamic change of physical activity and the allostatic load of college students,and to further explore the relationship between the continuous stability of physical activity and college students,effect of dynamic change of physical activity on allostatic load.MethodsIn april-may 2019,a cluster random sampling survey was conducted among freshmen in a Medical University in Hefei,Anhui province,and a comprehensive normal school in Shangrao,Jiangxi province.A total of 1 179 questionnaires were distributed,1 151 questionnaires were recovered,and 1 135 questionnaires were valid,with an effective rate of 98.6%.College students scanned the QR code of the questionnaire with their mobile phones to complete an anonymous electronic questionnaire,which included demographics information and physical activity information.778 samples were collected,and 729 of them were valid after matching with the questionnaire database.The subjects were sent to the first three-grade hospital on an empty stomach in the morning for testing the biomarkers related to allostatic load.According to the baseline survey,a total of 1 135 college students were followed up from May to June in the 2021,and 999 students(136 lost to follow-up)were found.At the same time,340 subjects were tested for allostatic load-related biomarkers,and 239 subjects were valid after matching with the follow-up questionnaire database.Data were analyzed with SPSS 23.0,and categorical variables were expressed as%.Between-group differences were analyzed with chi-square test and t-test,and data with non-normal distribution were compared with non-parametric test.After adjusting for covariates,multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between physical activity level and AL cardiovascular system,Al metabolic system,AL immune system,and Al total score.Four groups were created that were characterized by changes in physical activity,and variance analysis was used to test for differences in AL scores across groups of dynamic changes in physical activity,and the LSD-t test was used for post hoc testing.Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between the dynamic change of physical activity from baseline to two-year follow-up and the AL cardiovascular system,Al metabolic system,AL immune system,and Al total score at two-year follow-up,stratified analysis was performed according to baseline physical activity level(low or high).The test level α=0.05.ResultsIn the baseline survey,the prevalence of low physical activity was 61.8%,and the mean value of Al was(1.59±1.16).The scores of cardiovascular system,metabolic system and AL in the low physical activity group were significantly higher than those in the high physical activity group(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between physical activity level and AL score,and high physical activity level was set as reference,after adjusting for academic performance,academic burden,number of friends,family history of depression,smoking and alcohol use,the results showed that low physical activity was positively correlated with the scores of cardiovascular system(B=0.28,95% CI: 0.17～0.38),metabolic system(B=0.58,95%CI: 0.46～0.71)and AL(B=0.83,95% CI: 0.63～1.02)(P<0.05).The prevalence of low physical activity was 82.2% and the mean value of Al was(1.65±1.74).The scores of metabolic system in low physical activity group were significantly higher than those in high physical activity group(P<0.05).Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between physical activity level and AL score,and high physical activity level was set as reference,after adjusting for academic performance,academic burden,number of friends,family history of depression,smoking and alcohol use,the results showed that low physical activity was positively correlated with the scores of metabolic system(B=0.26,95% CI: 0.04～0.47),and there were significant differences(P<0.05).However,the low physical activity level had no significant correlation with the scores of cardiovascular system,immune system and AL.Further stratified analysis according to gender,the results of model analysis showed that only among male college students,low physical activity was positively correlated with the scores of metabolic system(B>0,P<0.05).During the two years,46.2% of the college students’ physical activity was at a persistently low level,13.5% at an increasing level,and 35.9% at a decreasing level,only 4.3% of college students had sustained high level of physical activity.There were significant differences in the distribution of metabolic system scores among different groups(F=4.41,P=0.005),the score of metabolic system was higher in the“Persistently low” group(0.30±0.63 vs.0.72±0.96);Compared with the “Persistently low” group,the “Low” group had a lower metabolic score(0.72±0.96 vs.0.55±0.67).Multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the association between the dynamic change of physical activity level and AL score over 2 years,the results showed that the“Persistently low” level of physical activity was positively correlated with the score of metabolic system(B=0.35,95% CI: 0.14～0.55),and the correlation was statistically significant(P=0.001).Further stratified analysis according to gender,the results of the adjusted model analysis showed that only among male college students,the“Persistently low” physical activity group had a positive correlation with the score of metabolic system(B=0.62,95% CI: 0.26～0.98).Stratified by baseline physical activity level,the results showed that for the group with high physical activity level at baseline,compared with the group with high physical activity level at 2 years later,after 2 years,the students with decreased physical activity had higher scores in metabolic system(B=0.33,95% CI: 0.05～0.60).For the low physical activity group at baseline,compared with the low physical activity group after 2 years,the higher physical activity group had lower metabolic scores after 2 years(B=-0.36,95% CI:-0.70～-0.01).Further stratified analysis of gender showed that there were gender differences.Among the male college students,for the group with low physical activity level at baseline,compared with the male college students who were still at low level after 2 years,after 2 years,the students with increased physical activity had lower metabolic scores(B=-0.61,95% CI:-1.17～-0.05).Among female college students,the group with high physical activity level at baseline was still at high level compared with the group with high physical activity level after 2 years,after 2 years,the students with decreased physical activity had higher scores in metabolic system(B=0.60,95% CI: 0.33～0.87)ConclusionsThe association between low physical activity and higher allostatic load was significant,and continued low physical activity may increase metabolic health risk in the future. |
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