The Study On Urban Governance In The Middle East After The Second World War

After the Second World War,with the collapse of the colonial system,Middle East city urbanization entered a stage of rapid development.The population growed rapidly,the city area expanded,and the secondery and tertiary industry became the leading industry of city economy.Urbanization is an important factor of social change in the middle east.However,due to excessive urbanization,a large number of problems have emerged as a threat to the stability of urban society.With the advent of globalization,the Middle East city plays an important role in national security and social stability,and directly affects the security situation in the region and even the world.Since 2010,city riot in Tunisia was the fuse of "Spring of Arabia".How to solve the city problem has become one of the focal points of the urban research.In the face of the growing urban problems and the chaos in the Middle East,the traditional government model has been unable to meet the requirements of modern urban development.Firstly,this kind of change,from urban management to urban governance,is the need of urban development.Political democratization,economic liberalization,popularization of education,technological innovation and industrial revolution are the propulsive forces of urbanization.The balance and coordination between different factors need the upgraded urban management mode.However,only the urban governance,which focus on participation,fairness,accountability and transparency,can satisfy the requirements of urban development,fairness and democracy.Secondly,the city is facing the new opportunities and challenges.In the situation of globalization,the status of the city has rised,which has to participate in competition and cooperation on a global level,and cause of the city’s gravitational effect,the nature of the city changes.All above shows that the city has the ability to participate in the international division of labor,and to enhance the city value as well as the competitiveness.But at the same time,it means that the city has to undertake all kinds of pressures not only from their own or nation,but also from other major parts,which cannot be avoid in the chain effect.Third,in 2010,the Arabia chaos is a overall outbreak of urban problems for a long time.The political turmoil caused instability in the region,even shocked the world.Therefore,urban governance is not only the needs of urban development,but also the practical needs of the city.The opportunities and challenges of the development coexist,the dilemma and hope are in the same place.Nowadays,the Middle East city is remodeling,and the urban government model is changing to the urban governance.First of all,the urban governance requires the main parts participate in urban affairs.Urban governance is the game of all parts,and will gather the local government,the public and other interest groups together to form a governance network,and guide them to form a positive interaction between dependence and competition.The Middle East city has taken measures to strengthen the municipal government by endowing the property rights to improve municipal self governance ability;speeding up the process of democratization to strengthen the diversification of participation subjects and channels;paying more attention to people’s livelihood,and strengthening the sensitivity and the ability to respond to the public needs;planning the city scientifically to ensure the healthy development.Secondly,the city government still plays an important role in the reform of urban governance.The government function insist on enhancing the ability of government services,the effectiveness,accountability,transparency and responsiveness.The feasible methods are as follows: improve the efficiency of government work and the administrative quality of officials;optimize the industrial structure to make a sustained and healthy development of city economy;cultivate high-end talent and accelerate the transformation of science and technology to the productivity forces;improve the social security system and safeguard the social fairness etc..The Middle East city government has taken measures to promote the transformation.The future is still cloudy.At the present stage,urban governance has taken steps in municipal construction,urban planning,industrial structure adjustment and urban power structure adjustment.However,whether these projects can alleviate urban problems,reduce the city pressure,or promote the social harmony and stability? There is still a long way to go.