The Research Of Agricultural Land Production Efficiency And Its Affecting Factors In Heilongjiang Province

Efficient use of agricultural land resources is one of the important ways to ensure national food security and achieve sustainable agricultural development in Heilongjiang Province.Under the current constraints of multiple factors such as natural resources,ecological environment and social and economic needs,optimizing the allocation of product ion factors and improving the efficiency of agricultural land production is the key to enhancing my country's comprehensive agricultural production capacity.In recent years,the Central Document No.1 has repeatedly emphasized the encouragement of the development of various forms of production and operation models,gradually transforming the previous extensive management methods that mainly pursued agricultural product output and relying on resource consumption into intensive and sustainable management methods to improve Farmland production efficiency.Therefore,this paper takes Heilongjiang Province,the “ballast stone” of China's food security,as the research area,and takes the theory of efficiency,the theory of diminishing land returns and the theory of agricultural factor allocation as the theoretical framework: from the perspective of static empirical analysis,the super-efficiency BCC model is applied to Heilongjiang Calculate the technical efficiency of agricultural land production in the province,and provide the adjustment direction of the optimal allocation of input elements to the areas that have not reached the technical efficiency;Based on the dynamic empirical perspective,the DEA-Malmquist index model is used to analyze the changes in agricultural total factor productivity index and technical efficiency in Heilongjiang Province Changes,technological progress and changes;on this basis,focus on the construction of an index system of influencing factors around multiple factors such as popul ation,economy,technology,system and production environment,and in-depth analysis of the main factors affecting the productivity of agricultural land in Heilongjiang Province The province pointed out a clear direction to improve the efficiency of agricultural land production.(1)Inadequate investment in production factors is currently the main factor restricting the improvement of the efficiency of agricultural land production technology in Heilongjiang Province.From 2008 to 2018,the overall farmland production technical efficiency and pure technical efficiency of Heilongjiang Province have similar trends,and the overall is in an effective state.The overall mean of scale efficiency is less than 1 and has been in an invalid state.This reflects that i n the process of farmland production management in Heilongjiang Province,the serious shortage of farmland input scale is the main reason for the relatively low production technology efficiency.In terms of various regions,Qiqihar City,Hegang City,Qitaihe City and Heihe City are ineffective in the production of agricultural land,and the overall production factor input is insufficient.Except for Harbin,all other regions show scale efficiency Insufficient,of which the scope of adjustment in Suihua City is more prominent,and the proportion of agricultural land scale adjustment is 69.83%.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the relevant laws and regulations on the circulation of land management rights,encourage large-scale and intensive management of agricultural land,improve the scale of agricultural land allocation,and rationally use the input indicators.At present,the key to improving the efficiency of agricultural land production in Heilongjiang Province.(2)Technological progress is the main driving force for the growth of total factor productivity in agriculture in Heilongjiang Province.At the same time,technical factors have a certain role in promoting the development of total factor productivity in Heilongjiang Province.From 2008 to2018,the total factor productivity of agriculture in Heilongjiang Province showed an increasing trend,with an average growth rate of 6.18%,and the impact of pure technical efficiency on technical efficiency was greater than the impact of scale efficiency on technical efficiency.This shows that the development of agriculture in Heilongjiang Province should pay attention to the improvement of technical efficiency while introducing advanced technologies and strengthening agricultural technological innovation.Judging from the performance of various regions,the top three regions in the total factor productivity growth rate of each region in Heilongjiang Province are Daqing City,Yichun City,and Daxinganling City.Except for Qitaihe City and Suihua City,the growth rate of total factor productivity in other regions is basically greater than 1.Although the trend of total factor productivity in some regions is close,the scale efficiency has not been greatly improved.(3)According to the analysis of the influencing factors of agricultural land production efficiency,factors such as agricultural labor productivity,economic development level,mechanization level and infrastructure construction all have a significant positive impact on the agricultural land production efficiency of Heilongjiang Province,among which agricultural labor productivity and agricultural land The positive correlation of production efficiency is more significant;the agricultural disaster rate has a negative effect on agricultural land prod uction efficiency.Therefore,in order to promote the improvement of agricultural land production efficiency in Heilongjiang Province,the future can focus on human resources optimization,agricultural technology innovation,natural disaster prevention and control,and infrastructure construction.Based on the above conclusions,this article makes the following targeted suggestions.First,actively promote the transfer of land management rights,improve the management system of agricultural land resources,increase the improvement of low-and medium-yield fields,develop new types of protective cultivation technologies for agricultural land resources,and strengthen the large-scale operation and intensive use of rural land.Secondly,actively develop advance d production technologies,establish and improve agricultural technology extension systems and training systems,actively cultivate new types of professional farmers,encourage small farmers to participate in cooperative operations and scale operations,an d promote the transformation of agricultural production from extensional expansion to connotative economic growth.Finally,strengthen the construction of supporting facilities for agricultural land production and natural disaster prevention and control,improve agricultural financing related systems and policy support systems,promote the improvement and improvement of the land transfer service system,and provide the premise and foundation for large-scale agricultural land production and management.