Study On Tsunami Force And Disaster Reduction Measures Of Low Masonry Buildings

As an extreme natural disaster,tsunami is generated from the destructive waves caused by the sea floor earthquake,sea floor landslide,volcanic eruption or meteorological changes.The wave height can reach tens of meters,forming a huge "water wall".Because of the huge energy of tsunami,when the tsunami wave spreads to the coast,it will cause the destruction of houses,bridges and infrastructure,and cause a large number of casualties.Since the 21 st century,human beings have suffered many tsunami disasters,especially the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004 and the Japanese tsunami in 2011.According to the existing research,there is a tsunami risk in the southeast coastal cities of China,and there are a large number of low masonry buildings in the southeast coastal cities.Disaster study shows that such houses will be severely damaged in the tsunami.Therefore,it is necessary to study the tsunami force under the interaction between tsunami wave and low masonry buildings,and provide reference for tsunami prevention and mitigation engineering measures.Based on the dam break test to simulate the tsunami wave,this paper studies the tsunami force and its mechanism under the interaction between the low masonry building and the tsunami surge wave.At the same time,it considers the influence factors including the door and window opening,the fence,the incident angle of the tsunami surge wave and so on.The main research contents are as follows:(1)In the case of no doors,windows and fence of the house,the tsunami force on the house when the tsunami interacts with the house is studied,the tsunami force and the wall pressure are analyzed,and the tsunami force estimation formula and the pressure distribution law are obtained.And the difference of the tsunami force on the house is compared when there is water or no water in the downstream of the dam break flume.(2)Based on the study of the influence of the opening rate and location of door and window openings on the tsunami force on the house,the influence coefficient of the opening rate of door and window openings on the tsunami force and the influence coefficient of the location of door and window openings on the tsunami force are put forward,and the recommended locations of door and window openings are given.(3)By studying the influence of the height of the fence,the distance from the fence to the house and the opening rate of the fence on the tsunami force on the house,the paper puts forward the coefficient of the influence of the fence on the tsunami force,and gives the recommended parameters of the fence setting.(4)The influence of the incident angle of the tsunami surge wave on the tsunami force on the house is studied.The law of the tsunami force on the house and the pressure on the wall is obtained,when the incident angle of the tsunami wave changes.