Research On The Issue Of Free Will From Evolutionary Perspective

The cognitive basis of Free Will problem or Consciousness Problem in cognitive philosophy and the science of consciousness is not a novel object of study,with recent advances in neurobiology,cognitive science,and quantum mechanics,consciousness has regained its place in the attention of philosophers and even scientists in the 21 st century.Neuroscience is the core subject of academic research on consciousness,in which mechanistic concepts are usually subject to the context of determinism,and various positions on indeterminism only get attention after some scientists and philosophers put forward them occasionally.Free Will is a philosophical problem because it is incompatible with determinism,which is the basic logical framework through which we understand the world.The basis of physical approach is reductionism,which in biology has been systematically questioned.On this basis,this article combines the current research progress of consciousness theory in neuroscience,combs and summarizes the different research perspectives in the past,and reflects on the conditions under which consciousness or Free Will-related decisions are made,and discusses systematically introduced neuro-indeterminism.Searle put forward a biological naturalism explanation scheme according to the neurobiological method.Therefore,as a biological phenomenon,the emergence of free will can be viewed from a diachronic evolutionary perspective.Chapter one focuses on the indeterminism debate over free will.On the basis of distinguishing multiple indeterminism,it gives a "weak" indeterminism hypothesis,and introduces the Theory of quantum consciousness,the Free Will Theorem and physicalisms indeterminism demonstrate the possibility of Free Will in order to show that the thought of indeterminism is difficult to neglect in the discussion of Free Will.Chapter two uses the interpretive model of neurological indeterminism,combined with the description of the uncertainty and random events in the brain in the first chapter,and put the problem under the framework of indeterminism.This chapter mainly seeks out the uncertainty process in the brain in neuroscience,and reflects it in the uncertainty of the neural process itself.On this basis,it can defend the possibility of Free Will,and it will also explain the limitations of this approach.Chapter three discusses the specific conclusions about the mind-body relationship under the Causal Completeness of Physics.Physicalism believes that consciousness is a process that can occur in a specific physical system,but it is currently facing the problem of how to define the impact between the physical and psychological levels from the causality.The reduction path of physicalism is considered unable to realize top-down reasoning due to the irrelevance between phenomena and laws.The concept of determinism contained in the laws of physics first encountered an intuitive suspicion of Free Will.This chapter will point out the limitations of physicalism in the face of mind-body problems.Chapter four introduces the interpretation of Free Will by biological naturalism.Since the principle of parsimony on which the principles of physics relies is of low actual value in biological research,Searle regards consciousness as a higher-level or system feature in the brain caused by neurobiology in the brain.This is a biological phenomenon,and shows that "gap" plays a key role in understanding Free Will.Chapter five introduces Libet's experiment,which is closely related to the issue of free will and its refutations.It shows that the current physical state of the brain is questionable for judging the adequacy of Free Will,because the standard of its definition is only based on the acceptance of it is also questionable whether the behavioral output of the examinee can reveal the true and complete state of consciousness of the subject.Once consciousness is incorporated into the evolution and development of organisms,it is difficult for this experimental method to fully describe its functions,and the biological significance of consciousness cannot be completely attributed to the scope of description.Therefore,this chapter incorporates the biological evolution behind Free Will into the discussion of this chapter.Finally,a diachronic explanation of the problem of Free Will is given,which shows that the synchronic explanation of the current series of physical processes for the subjective experience of consciousness is insufficient,and what role does the evolutionary explanation play in coping the “explanatory gap”.The concluding part summarizes the limitations of physicalism in the explanation of the mind-body relationship,and on the basis of combining the evolutionary perspective,continues Searle's approach of biological naturalism,discusses as a biological phenomenon of consciousness is no longer limited to the property of the phenomenon and cognitive gap of physical reality,to explore whether the functional characteristics of consciousness in order to gain more explanatory effect on the issue of Free Will.