Government Control,People’s Participation And Water Resources:Water Ecology In The Que Bei Basin Since The Han Dynasty

The Que Bei basin has become a strategic location due to its special geographical location and easy access to water resource,and the basin has been developed in different countries throughout history.In this thesis,we study the dynamics of water ecology in the basin since the Han Dynasty by using time as a longitudinal and cross-section of military wars,agricultural land reclamation,etc.From different subjects,the process and influence of water conservancy ecology in the two stages from the Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty and from the Yuan Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.We use relevant historical facts as cases,analyze the differences through comparison and induction,and summarize the development experience of the Que Bei basin in the historical period,to provide a research sample for understanding the ancient basin water development and management model.This thesis is divided into three chapters.The first chapter provides a brief discussion of the basic situation within the basin.First,the climate and topography of the basin are presented in terms of the natural environment,with the uneven rainfall climate and the high-south,low-north topography providing the temporal and spatial background for human activities;Secondly,the development and changes of administrative construction in the Que Bei basin during the historical period were combed,and it was pointed out that the administrative construction moved from unification to division,and the spatial patterns within the basin were further understood;Finally,we analyzed the Que Bei and its water source,and concluded that the area and water source of Que Bei are dynamically changing and closely related to the water ecology of the basin.The second chapter systematically combed the water ecology of the Que Bei basin from the Han to the Song Dynasty,and it concluded that the hydraulic ecology was developing in an upward direction in the twists and turns.This phase of development was state-led,managed by the army and the civil population through reclamation and the establishment of water management agencies,while we note that this management also varied from dynasty to dynasty: Before Jian An of the Eastern Han Dynasty,the development of this area was in its initial stages and did not form a scale;At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty,Cao Cao began military reclamation here and his administration took shape;The Western and Eastern Jin dynasties and the Northern and Southern dynasties focused on managing the area,making it one of the economic centers,but the development process fluctuated greatly due to the war;The Sui and Tang dynasties developed steadily,water conservancy construction and agricultural reclamation were carried out in an orderly manner;The two Song dynasties saw a turnaround in water ecology,with the Northern Song continuing the stability of the Sui and Tang dynasties,while the Southern Song was gradually slowed down by war and the southward movement of economic centers,with a tendency to deteriorate.The third chapter mainly analyzes the process of water conservancy and ecological degradation in the basin during the Ming and Qing dynasties.We point out that civil forces were the mainstay of development during this period,and the people and the government struggled with each other in the process of occupying and returning fields,eventually forming some management systems,but the trend of water conservancy and ecological degradation can no longer be reversed.