Study On The Development Model Of Village System In Loess Hilly And Gully Region Under The Background Of Ecological Governance

Many years of ecological conservation projects in the Loess Hilly and gully region of Northern Shaanxi have improved the local ecological environment,optimized the regional traditional agricultural development mode,strengthened the regional environmental bearing capacity and service function,made the overall regional development tend to be ecological,intensive and reasonable,and deeply affected the evolution process of the local village system.In the past,a lot of research has been done on the ecology of village settlement and the construction of ecological village.However,from the perspective of land use,the micro research on village system in complex and fragile ecological areas is relatively insufficient.This paper takes nianzhuang watershed,a typical representative area of "converting farmland to forest on the mountain and harnessing ditches to make land under the mountain" in the Loess Hilly and gully region,as the research object.Based on the social and economic data of field survey and investigation,using software technologies such as ENVI and Arc GIS,this paper comprehensively analyzes the villages in this watershed from the aspects of regional land use type change,land use dynamic transfer characteristics and construction land evolution characteristics The evolution process of regional land use structure,the relationship between ecological governance and the development of village system,the influence mechanism of ecological governance on the development of village system,the characteristics and trends of the evolution of rural regional development based on ecological governance are revealed.Finally,combined with the existing problems of village development in nianzhuang basin,the optimization of rural spatial structure and the expansion of rural spatial function are focused,and the regional ecological restoration is proposed The sustainable development mode of the village system under the background of the restoration will guide the construction of ecological villages.In order to optimize the rural regional system,promote the integration of urban and rural areas and the sustainable development of rural areas,it is of great realistic significance to carry out in-depth research on the law of land use change and settlement development in rural areas,explore the road of rural transformation and development of rural economic form and regional space reconstruction,and change the role of rural areas only used for agricultural production and providing primary agricultural products and basic raw materials to cities Righteousness.In this paper,land use change and construction land center change in the study area are obtained by Landsat Image to explore and try the evolution of village pattern.The main achievements are as follows:(1)The temporal and spatial changes of land use in nianzhuang watershed during the past 10 years from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed.On the one hand,the slope farmland with high elevation and large gradient is gradually replaced by forest and grassland.The cultivated land begins to gather in the area with low elevation and gentle gradient,and the gully and dam land increases significantly,which is mainly reflected in the conversion of a large number of slope farmland and sparse ecological land into forest land.The proportion of forest land area increases from 32.34% in 2009 to 50.88% in 2018,and the construction land area increases by nearly 75% in 10 years;on the other hand On the one hand,there are differences in the conversion of vegetation types in different terrain of the basin.The areas with high elevation and steep slope often have conversion between forest irrigation land and grassland,while the areas with low elevation and gentle slope often have conversion between construction land and cultivated land,among which,the land in the valleys and rivers of the basin and the land near the water source are mostly converted into construction land.(2)The temporal and spatial evolution of village system in nianzhuang watershed is analyzed.The development of village system in nianzhuang river basin is not only restricted by the local natural environment,but also led by people.Under the influence of policies,population and regional industrial development,the village settlement location has the characteristics of soil orientation,rural gully orientation and road orientation.The dispersion and migration of settlements tend to expand to the southeast and southwest of the basin.There are three types of settlement buildings: the renovation of the old site,the construction of the rural "capable person" and the construction of the government funded buildings.(3)The development model of village system in nianzhuang watershed under the background of ecological management was discussed.The strategy of ecological renovation and ecological restoration has a lot of positive effects on the development of nianzhuang Village: more concentrated cultivation land provides the possibility for intensive management;increased vegetation cover makes the ecological landscape better;the expansion of settlement scale provides the conditions for the development of commercial service area.According to the barrier factors and actual demands of the current village development,combined with the actual development status of nianzhuang River Basin,this paper puts forward three strategies for the sustainable development of the village system.Strategy 1: Make full use of new cultivated land to realize the intensification of agricultural industry;Strategy 2: Strengthen the construction of facilities to realize the ecology of infrastructure;strategy 3: Promote regional "industrial ecology and Ecological Industrialization".