The Chinesization Of The Nomophobia Questionnaire And The Investigation Of College Students

ObjectiveTo translate and revise the Nomophobia Questionnaire(NMP-Q),and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version,providing a more accurate measurement tool for the research field of psychological problems caused by smartphone.This questionnaire was used to investigate college students and analyze its current situation and influencing factors,to provide scientific basis for mental health education and health care for college students.MethodsContacting with the author of the original questionnaire and obtain his authorization.This study followed the translation steps of Brislin.The English version of Nomophobia Questionnaire was translated,back translated and to adjust for cultural differences,finally,the Chinese version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire was obtained.In this study,a convenient sampling method was used to survey 2000 college students from three universities in Jinzhou,Liaoning Province.A demographic questionnaire and a Chinese version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire(NMP-Q)were used for the survey.SPSS20.0 and AMOS21.0 were used to statistical analysis,Cronbach’s α coefficient,split-half reliability coefficient,test-retest reliability and corrected total correlation range and item-total score Pearson correlation were used for reliability analysis,content validity,construct validity(exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis)and discriminant validity were used for validity analysis,frequency statistics and descriptive analysis were used for general data,and analysis of variance,t-test and descriptive analysis were used for measurement data.The enumeration data were analyzed by frequency statistics,and the influencing factors were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results1.General situation: A total of 2053 questionnaires were issued and a total of 2000 questionnaires were retrieved.The effective recovery rate was 97.42%.There were 961 girls and 1,039 boys.The age ranged from 16 to 25 years old,with an average age of(19.07 ± 1.25)years old.2.Validity analysisContent validity: item-level content validity index(I-CVI)was between 0.833 to 1.00,average scale level content validity index(S-CVI / Ave)was 0.975,and scale level content Overall validity index consistency(S-CVI / UA)was 0.85.Structural validity: the exploratory factor analysis results were 4 common factors,18 items were retained,and the cumulative variance contribution rate is 68.933%;the confirmatory factor analysis shows that the factor model fits well,and the chi-square / degree of freedom(CMIN / DF)was 4.967,the comparative fit index(CFI)was 0.952,the goodness-of-fit index(GFI)was 0.933,the adjusted goodness-of-fit index(AGFI)was 0.909,the root mean residual(RMR)was 0.160,The standardized root mean residual(SRMR)was 0.049 and the root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA)was 0.064.Discriminant validity: The Critical Ratio(CR),as an indicator of inter-item differentiation,reached a significant level(all P<0.05),indicating that the discriminant validity of each item was good.3.Reliability: The overall Cronbach ’s α coefficient of the Chinese version of the nomophobia questionnaire was 0.925,and the split-half Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.818.The total correlation range of the corrected items was 0.539 ～ 0.663,the correlation coefficient of each item-total score of the scale was 0.593 ～ 0.712,and the retest reliability coefficient was 0.947.4.Current situation of the nomophobia among college students: The results of this study showed that there were 317(15.9%),635(31.8%),739(37.0%),264(13.2%)and 45(2.3%)college students with no,mild,moderate,severe and extremely severe nomophobia respectively.5.Influence factors of the nomophobia among college students: The nomophobia of college students were influenced by grade(P=0.010),gender(P<0.001),residence(P=0.004),number of hours of mobile phone(P<0.001),school level(P=0.001)and so on.Conclusions1.This study shows that the Chinese version of NMP-Q has good reliability and validity,so it can be used NMP-Q as an assessment tool to measure college students’ nomophobia.2.Most college students are in different degrees of nomophobia.Teachers,parents and mental health educators should give mental health education according to the current situation to guide college students to treat the use of mobile phones correctly.3.The Chinese version of NMP-Q measures that college students’ nomophobia was affected by grade,gender,residence,number of hours of mobile phone,school level and other factors.