| Angelicae Sinensis Radix(ASR)is derived from the dried root of an Umbelliferae plant,Angelica sinensis(Oliv.)Diels.As one of the most commonly used Chinese herbal medicine,it has been used medicinally for thousands of years in China.The main active ingredients of ASR are ferulic acid,ligustilide,3-butylidenephthalide,3-butylidenephthalide etc.,which have the effects of regulating menstruation,relieving pain and moistening the bowel.The synthesis and accumulation of active substances in medicinal plants are closely related to the ecological environment.The ecological factor affecting the quality of medicinal plants is a hot spot in the field of Chinese medicine resources.When it comes to the impact of ecological environment on the quality of medicinal plants,current studies are mostly focused on the annual average climate factors or inorganic elements of soil while lack of attention on the dynamic influence of climate factors during the whole growth cycle of medicinal plants.To this end,based on the ASR from different regions,the multi-time-scale climate factors(annual,seasonal and monthly average)and soil factors,the purpose of our study was to investigate the spatial law of medicinal plant quality and key period,explore the impact of climate factors on the quality and clarify the corresponding climatic characteristics with the accumulation of effective components in ASR from different regions.In addition,the correlation between the effective components of ASR and soil components has also been studied,which will be of great significance for improving the quality of ASR and the sustainable development of its resources.The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography(UPLC-PDA)method was established to determine the content of seven chemical components in ASR samples with different origins.The analytes were separated on UPLC(?) BEH C18 column(2.1 mm ×50 mm,1.7μm)with methanol(A)-1%acetic acid-water(B)as mobile phase.A gradient elution(0-5 min,5%→30%A;5-6.5 min,30%→35%A;6.5-8.5 min,35%→50%A;8.5-14 min,50%→80%A).35%→50%A;8.5～14 min,50%→80%A;14～16 min,80%A;16～18 min,80%～5%A;18～21 min,5%→5%A)was conducted with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min.Detection wavelength was 260 nm for 3-butylidenephthalide and 280nm for the rest analytes.Column temperature is 30℃,sample temperature is 4℃ injection volume is 3 μL.There was significant geographic variation in the content of chemical components in ASR from different origins,which were mainly caused by ligustilide,ferulic acid,chlorogenic acid and 3-butylidenephthalide.Based on the content of ligustilide,ferulic acid and 3-butylidenephthalide,the samples of ASR in this paper could be classified into three chemical types:Yunnan-Guizhou type,Tibet-Gansu-Qinghai type and Sichuan-Hubei type.The corresponding results of different scales climate factors to the chemical constituents of ASR demonstrated that the consequence in the relationship between the annual,quarterly,and monthly climate factors and the chemical constituents of ASR basically tended to be consistent,indicating the correlation and continuity in the response of chemical constituents of ASR to climate factors.Among them,chlorogenic acid,ligustilide,ferulic acid and 3-butylidenephthalide had strong correlations with climate factors,while the correlation of 3-butylphthalide,senkyunolide I and senkyunolide A were weak.The content of ligustilide and ferulic acid had the strongest correlation with monthly mean solar radiation,showing dynamic trends of strong positive-negative-strong positive correlation and strong positive-strong negative-strong positive correlation throughout the year,respectively.3-butylidenephthalide was significantly correlated with three factors,the correlation trends of them were strong positive-weak positive-strong positive correlation with monthly mean temperature and monthly mean water vapor pressure,weak positive-strong negative-weak positive correlation with monthly mean solar radiation amount.The content of chemical constituents of ASR was significantly correlated with soil inorganic elements.The content of chlorogenic acid had a notable positive correlation with available iron,while the content of ligustilide had a negative correlation with it.Ferulic acid content showed a highly positive correlation with total chromium and total nickel.The climatic factors in different production areas of ASR illustrated that the average monthly temperature,water vapor pressure and precipitation curves in the three types of production areas were consistent,which would reach the highest values in July and August,while the three factors in the Gansu-Qinghai-Xizang production area were lower than those in Yunnan-Guizhou and Sichuan-Hubei production areas.The most notable difference between Yunnan-Guizhou and Sichuan-Hubei production areas was the value of monthly mean solar irradiance,ranging from 996.1 to 4325.7 MJ/m2.The monthly mean solar irradiance in July-August in Yunnan-Guizhou production area was lower than the other two production areas,ranging from 14.58 to 15.25 MJ/m2.The optimum ecological zones of ASR in China were mainly concentrated in southern Gansu,eastern Qingha,southern Ningxia,northwestern Sichuan,southeastern Tibet,northern Yunnan,western Guizhou,and central northern Shaanxi.The regions with higher ferulic acid content were mainly distributed in southern and southeastern Qinghai,a few parts of southwestern Gansu,western Sichuan,eastern Tibet,and most parts of Yunnan.The regions with higher content of 3-butylidenephthalide were mainly distributed in the southern part of eastern Qinghai,eastern Tibet,southern Gansu,Yunnan,and Guizhou.The regions with higher content of ligustilide were mainly distributed in eastern and southern Qinghai,southwestern Gansu,western Tibet,eastern Sichuan,and northern Yunnan. |
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