| As traditional Chinese medicine,Angelicae Sinensis Radix(RAS)is widely used in edible and medicinal products.With improvement of people’s health awareness,Its price were more and more higher with increasing demand,resulted in such as a blind expansion of planting areas,uneven quality of medicinal materials,serious adulteration in market circulation,various commodity grades,outdated and random classification standards,unclear division of medicinal parts,and confusion in clinical application.At present,quality control and evaluation of RAS mostly rely on chemical testing,lacking a comprehensive evaluation method that combines with drug’s efficacy.So,this study adopts a combination of multiple-indicator components and biological activities to compare the RAS and its adulterants,the RAS from different provinces,different grades and different medicinal parts of the RAS,ensuring the effectiveness and rationality of the RAS in clinical application.At the same time,the comprehensive evaluation index of the RAS based on "appearance-chemicals-efficacy" is constructed to provide the theoretical basis for improving the quality evaluation system of the RAS.The main results is as follows:1.Analysis on the Differences in Composition and Activities of roots of Angelica sinensis,Levisticum officinale and Angelica acutiloba.The objectives of our study were to determine and compare the polysaccharide,total coumarins,ferulic acid,total phenol,total flavonoid,chlorogenic acid,protein,amino acids,volatile compositions,promoting the production of hemoglobin,scavenging of nitrite,antioxidant,inhibition of tyrosinase,thrombin and coagulation factor Xa activities of roots of Angelica sinensis(RAS),Levisticum officinale(RLO)and Angelica acutiloba(RAA).Meanwhile,the components’ concentrations and bioactivities were elucidate by correlation analysis to clarify the role of effective composition.Results showed the content of polysaccharides,ferulic acid,and volatile oil in RAS was relatively high;It is very worth mentioning that the content of ligustilide in RLO volatile oil is about twice those of RAS and contains the most coumarins,phenols,and flavonoids;RAA has abundant of protein and amino acids.RAS shows stronger activities to promote hemoglobin production and inhibit thrombin and FXa than RLO and RAA.So,In the treatment of blood deficiency,RLO and RAA cannot be used as a substitute for RAS.RLO has strong antioxidant and nitrite scavenging activities,can be used as a provider of natural antioxidants and ligustilide.RAA has higher inhibiting tyrosinase activity.All of the analyses suggested that RLO and RAA have their unique advantages.This study will ensure the effectiveness in application and provide guidance on the reasonable utilization of RAA and RLO.2.Comprehensive evaluation of the RAS from different provinces.The fingerprints,the main active ingredients and biological activities of RAS from different provinces were determined and analyzed in this chapter.The fingerprints of RAS from different provinces show a fairly high level of similarity(>0.96).our study found that there was no consistency in the content of the polysaccharide,coumarin,volatile oil,chlorogenic acid,ferulic acid,coniferyl ferulate,Z-ligustilide,butylidenephthalide,butylphthalide and Senkyunolide I of RAS from different provinces.For instance,the sum of ferulic acid and coniferyl ferulate content was higher in RAS from Yunnan,the content of coumarin,butylidenephthalide,butylphthalide and Senkyunolide I was higher in RAS from Qinghai.The content of chlorogenic acid in the RAS from Sichuan was rich,and the content of polysaccharide was relatively high in the RAS from Hubei.Further more,our study were to determine and compare promoting the production of hemoglobin,inhibition of tyrosinase,thrombin and FXa,scavenging of nitrite,and antioxidant activities of the RAS from different provinces.The results showed that RAS from Minxian of Gansu had absolute advantages in promoting hemoglobin production,inhibiting thrombin and FXa.Those RAS from other provinces also have advantages in inhibiting tyrosinase activity,antioxidant and nitrite scavenging abilities,and can be reasonably applied based on their respective advantages.3.Comprehensive evaluation of different Grades of Angelicae sinensis Radix.Based on the appearance characteristics of the medicinal material,our study was conducted on the content of the main active ingredients and their effects on blood tonic and blood-activating activities in different grades of RAS.The results showed that the content of main active ingredients in different grades of RAS did not show consistency with the size of the herbs.The results of biological activity evaluation showed that grade I group had stronger activities of promoting hemoglobin production and inhibiting thrombin and FXa,followed by grade II,grade IV of the RAS showed the weakest activities of blood tonic and blood-activating.However,the composition and activity of the superior grade of RAS were inferior to those of the grade I,indicating that the improvement of the yield of the medicinal materials did not mean the improvement of the overall quality.Our study also showed that the weight of herbs should not be the only criterion for grading of RAS.It is suggested that the root diameter and root length of RAS should be included in the grading criteria.4.Study on chemical compositions and biological activities of different parts from RAS.In order to explore the differences of different parts from RAS,Our study determined the contents of polysaccharides,flavonoids,total phenols,total coumarins,volatile oil,chlorogenic acid,ferulic acid,coniferyl ferulate,Z-ligustilide,butylidenephthalide,butylphthalide and Senkyunolide I in different parts from RAS.And Combining with analysis of promoting the production of hemoglobin,inhibition of tyrosinase,thrombin and FXa,and antioxidant activities.The results indicated that there were significant differences in the contents of chemical components in different parts from RAS.The content of coumarins,flavonoids,and chlorogenic acid in the head of RAS was higher than other parts.The taproot of RAS had the highest content of total polysaccharide,and the contents of ferulic acid,coniferyl ferulate,Z-ligustilide,butylidenephthalide,butylphthalide and Senkyunolide I in lateral root of RAS were most abundant.The taproot of RAS has stronger ability to promote hemoglobin generation,while the lateral root of RAS has stronger inhibitory activity of thrombin and FXa,and the head of RAS has better antioxidant and scavenging of nitrite activities.In addition,the lateral root of RAS also have stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activity,indicating that they are more valuable in the development of whitening skin products.5.Construction of comprehensive quality index for "appearance-chemicals-efficacy" and validation of its efficacy in animal models of blood deficiency.On the basis of previous experiments,the data of comprehensive evaluation value of appearance traits,chemical compositions,and biological activities of RAS were normalized.The triangle area method was used to calculate the RAS comprehensive quality index(ACEI),then a quantifiable quality comprehensive evaluation method of RAS was established.The ACEI values of RAS from different production regions indicate that the quality of Minxian RAS is significantly better than the others(P<0.05),followed by Qinghai RAS,which is consistent with the traditional understanding of genuineness.Different ACEI values of samples were used to treat blood deficiency model rats.All indicators showed that the higher the ACEI value of the medicinal herb,the more significant the improvement of pathological indicators in animal models of blood deficiency.It is reasonable and feasible to use the established comprehensive quality index of RAS to evaluate its quality,which can ensure high high quality and superior effect. |
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