Effects Of Diet During Late Pregnancy And Weight Gain During Pregnancy On The Birth Weight Of Full-term Newborns

Objective:In this study,we collected the dietary information of pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy through the questionnaire,to understand the information of dietary intake,weight gain,exercise,delivery mode and newborn birth weight of pregnant women in Dachang District of Nanjing City,and to compare the dietary intake with the "balanced diet pagoda of pregnant women in China".To analyze the relationship between food intake,weight gain during pregnancy and birth weight of newborn,and to explore the effect of reasonable diet on the weight of pregnant women and newborn,so as to provide data support for ensuring appropriate weight gain during pregnancy and newborn.Methods:A total of 631 pregnant women were selected from August 2018 to December 2018who build a perinatal health card in the Jiangbei District of Zhongda Hospital,Southeast University.A questionnaire survey was conducted using a unified diet and exercise questionnaire in the third trimester.The questionnaire includes general information such as age,height,weight before pregnancy,weight before childbirth,occupation,education,family income,type of insurance,etc.,and dietary intake and exercise status during the third trimester of pregnancy.Information on delivery method,gestational age and birth weight.All subjects signed informed consent.The questionnaire data was statistically analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software.Results:1.In this survey,683 questionnaires were sent out and 631 questionnaires were finally collected,with an effective recovery rate of 92.38%.631 people were investigated,the minimum age was 16 years,the maximum age was 41 years,the average age was 29.04± 4.45 years.2.Pregnant women’s weight gain during pregnancy: This survey shows that the average weight gain of pregnant women in Dachang District of Nanjing City during pregnancy is 14.41 ± 4.98 kg,and the maximum weight gain is 37 kg.Among them,there are 400 people with a weight gain ≥12.5kg,accounting for 63.39%(400/631);67 people with a weight gain> 20 kg,accounting for 10.6%(67/631);3 people with a weight gain>30kg,Accounting for 0.48% of the total(3/631).3.Newborn birth weight: Among the 631 neonates born in the survey,the average birth weight was 3425±417.71 g.Among them,there are 559 cases with normal weight(2500g～3999g),accounting for 88.59%(559/631);61 cases with body weight ≥4000g,accounting for 9.67%(61/631);11 cases with body weight <2500g,accounting for 1.74%(11/631).4.There is a significant correlation between weight gain during pregnancy and birth weight of newborns,with a correlation coefficient of 0.174(p <0.05).5.Comparison of dietary intake and the level of "Balanced Diet Pagoda for Pregnant Women in China" : The dietary intake reached or exceeded the recommended amount of the pagoda: potatoes,vegetables,milk,eggs,oils and fats,and the compliance rates were: 53.56%,55.94%,52.13%,61.17%,57.68%.However,the intake of fruits and nuts is obviously insufficient,and it has not reached the recommended amount of the pagoda.Conclusions:The results of the study show that compared with the recommended amount of "Balanced Diet Pagoda for Pregnant Women in China ",the intake of fruits and nuts is insufficient,and the dietary intake is uneven.Weight gain during pregnancy affects the birth weight of the newborn,a balanced diet,and proper control of weight gain during pregnancy can help deliver a newborn with a suitable weight.