Comparative Study On Acupuncture And Moxibustion Documents Of Qin And Han Medical Slips Unearthed In Gansu

Objective:(1)Combing and summarizing the relevant data of meridian acupoints and acupuncture therapy in the acupuncture literature of Tianshui Fangmatan Qin Bamboo Slips,Wuwei,Dunhuang and Juyan Han Bamboo Slips.On the basis of meridian pathway,acupoint distribution,acupuncture techniques and its clinical application,we will compare and analyze the relevant acupuncture theories with those in the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic(Huang di Nei jing),a classic of tranditional Chinese medicine at the same period,and analyze their similarities and differences,so as to provide a basis for the excavation and in-depth study of acupuncture resources in Gansu.(2)Based on the comparative study of the acupuncture literature of medical bamboo slips unearthed in Gansu,the development overview of acupuncture medicine in Gansu during the pre-Qin and Han dynasties was combed and presented.The acupuncture theory and characteristic methods in the unearthed medical bamboo slips were summarized and refined,and the academic value and historical value of the acupuncture literature were analyzed and discussed,providing important literature basis for the construction and improvement of the theoretical system of acupuncture and the inheritance and promotion of traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture culture.Method:(1)Sources of data:(1)On-the-spot investigation of Gansu Pro-vincial Museum,Gansu Bamboo Slips Museum,Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Tianshui Museum,Wuwei Museum and other bamboo slips original data and content.(2)hand-searching the existing acupuncture data of pre-Qin and Han dynasties unearthed in Gansu Province such as libraries and research institutes in Beijing and Gansu.(3)Chinese Journal Full-text Database(CNKI),Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM),VI-P database and Wanfang database were searched for acupuncture research data related to Tianshui Fangmatan Qin bamboo slips,Wuwei,Dunhuang and Juyan Han bamboo slips.(2)The methods to sorte,summarize and analyze the acquired acupuncture literature include documentary research,critical interpretation and textual comparison method,etc.The general development of acupuncture literature in Gansu during the pre-Qin and Han dynasties was presented.The acupuncture theory and characteristic methods in the unearthed medical bamboo slips were refined,and the academic value and historical value of the acupuncture literature were analyzed and discussed.Specifically,it includes:(1)Research on the collation of acupuncture and moxibustion literature of Gansu unearthed medical records: Based on the relevant data of meridians,acupoints and therapies in the acupuncture and moxibustion literature of Gansu unearthed medical records of pre-Qin and Han dynasties,combined with the representative medical records and related annotations of later generations,the original text and related annotations of acupuncture and moxibustion literature of medical records were sorted out and refined,and the later research of acupuncture and moxibustion literature was summarized;(2)Comparative study of acupuncture literature on medical bamboo slips unearthed in Gansu Province: Based on meridian pathway,acupoint distribution,acupuncture techniques and clinical application,the similarities and differences between medical bamboo slips,medical bamboo slips and the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic related theories were summarized and compared to clarify the characteristics,advantages and limitations of their acupuncture theories.Results:The acupuncture and moxibustion literature of Qin and Han medical bamboo slips unearthed in Gansu mainly involves the Qin bamboo slips of Tianshui Fangmatan,Wuwei,Dunhuang and Juyan Han bamboo slips.The simplified period is about from the pre-Qin to the middle Eastern Han Dynasty,covered acupuncture points,acupuncture therapy,etc.,it had reflected the early acupuncture theory,techniques,clinical overview and evolution process of Gan-su and other northwest regions in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties.Compared with the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic in the same period,the Qin bamboo slips of Fangmatan in Tianshui were earlier than the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic,the Han bamboo slips of Dunhuang and Juyan were roughly in the period when the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic was written,and the Han bamboo slips of Wuwei were later than Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic.Compared with Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic,the names and indications of ‘Quanshui’,the needling methods of ST36 and BL20,the needle retention time,the relationship between the nature of the disease and the depth and intensity of acupuncture treatment,and the application of individual application prescriptions recorded in the medical bamboo slips have obvious characteristics and innovation.However,the records of acupuncture tools,acupuncture operations,indications and other aspects are relatively simple and general,which is roughly consistent with the actual economic,social and medical development in the northwest region at that time,and also highlights the development overview of acupuncture and moxibustion in Gansu and other northwest regions in the Qin and Han dynasties and its evolution with the times.(1)Gansu unearthed medical acupuncture literature research:(1)Qin bamboo slips of Fangmatan in Tianshui: Since the late pre-Qin period,there are about 12 bamboo slips describing the relationship between five sounds and five elements,five diseases,five colors and ten heavenly stems.It seems to lay a theoretical foundation for the five-tone therapy,acupuncture at five acupoints and midnight-noon ebb-flow acupuncture,and provide early literature reference for the development and evolution of acupuncture acupoints and acupuncture techniques;(2)Medical Briefs of Wuwei in Han Dynasty: The medical bamboo slips of the Han Dynasty in Wuwei were simplified in the early Eastern Han Dynasty,of which 31 bamboo slips described the related contents of acupuncture and moxibustion.The records of ST36,GB20,KI5 and other acupoints reflected that the development of acupoints was in the period of personal experience summary.In the acupuncture therapy,the depth,sequence and retention time of acupuncture were prominent,which laid the foundation for the treatment of cold lesions and acupuncture retention in the future.Application therapy includes application method,plaster method,application method,fumigation and washing method,ironing method.It mainly treats internal,external,gynecological and other diseases.Some of the application prescriptions still have modern clinical use and development value,and may also be the origin and basis of some modern therapies;(3)Dunhuang bamboo slips: Dunhuang Han bamboo slips were approximately completed from the end of the Western Han Dynasty to the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty.Among them,two bamboo slips clearly recorded the contents of acupuncture and moxibustion,especially the records of acupuncture and moxibustion ’needles’,indicating that the acupuncture and moxibustion therapy in the Western Han Dynasty had been applied in Dunhuang frontier fortress garrison troops,and may be earlier than the records of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy in Juyan Han bamboo slips.It was the first practical record of acupuncture and moxibustion ’needles’ in frontier fortress areas,reflecting that acupuncture and moxibustion therapy in the Western Han Dynasty had been widely used in northwest China;(4)Juyan bamboo slips: The bamboo slips of Juyan in the Han Dynasty were approximately simplified from the Western Han Dynasty to the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty.Among them,Eight bamboo slips clearly recorded acupuncture therapy,moxibustion therapy,and application therapy.They were characterized by acupuncture therapy,combination of acupuncture and medicine,measurement of moxibustion,clear acupoint matching,rich application method,and strong practicability and regionality,which reflected the diversity and uniqueness of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy in the Juyan frontier area in the Han Dynasty,and provided an important reference for the application and development of acupuncture and moxibustion in the northwest frontier area in the Han Dynasty.(2)Comparative study on acupuncture literature of Gansu unearthed medical records:(1)Acupoints: Through the comparison between medical bamboo slips,Wuwei Han bamboo slips and Juyan Han bamboo slips recorded acupoints,which also represented the development of acupoint theory in northwest folk and frontier regions.However,Wuwei Han bamboo slips paid more attention to the diagnosis and treatment process of acupuncture on the basis of matching acupoints,and Juyan and other frontier bamboo slips paid more attention to the application of single point moxibustion.Compared with the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic in the same period,the indications of BL20 and ST36 in Gansu Han bamboo slips,acupoints matching and the positioning of ST36 are basically consistent with those of Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic,but not comprehensive and specific.The location and name of the acupoint ’Wuzhuixia’ are basically consistent with Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic;Compared with Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic,there are obvious characteristics and innovations in the name and treatment of ’Quanshui’,the location of ST36,the acupuncture method of ’ Pishu ’ and the moxibustion method of ’ Wuzhuixia ’;(2)Acupuncture therapy:Through the comparison between medical bamboo slips,it mainly involves three therapies,namely acupuncture,moxibustion and sticking therapy.The records of acupuncture and sticking therapy in Wuwei bamboo slips are more rigorous and more contemporary.The idea of combining acupuncture and medicine in Juyan bamboo slips lays the foundation for the application of various therapies in later generations.Compared with the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic in the same period,it was found that the Han bamboo slips unearthed in Gansu were unique in terms of needle retention time and application of sticking prescriptions.Wuwei Han bamboo slips for cold disease needle retention time,nature of the disease and acupuncture treatment depth,intensity of the relationship has a unique understanding,basically consistent with modern clinical practice;Nasal suppository,ear suppository and nasal drops in the treatment of eye pain,nasal congestion,nasal polyps,etc.,also reflects the diversity of the northwest region of the Han Dynasty,is similar to the modern clinical production of Chinese patent medicine preparations,and nasal drops or the earliest records;At the same time,its Baibing ointment can treat a variety of difficult miscellaneous diseases,at that time has high innovation and practicability.The textual research confirms that the simplification of Juyan Han was earlier than that of Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic indicating that there were precedents of acupuncture combined with medicine in the treatment of diseases at that time,or that acupuncture combined with medicine was used in the northwest region at that time.It is an important record and basis for early acupuncture combined with medicine to improve the curative effect;(3)Other acupuncture literature: The Qin Bamboo Slips from Fangmatan in Tianshui,Gansu recorded the prototype of the theory of five acupoints and the Ziwu Liuzhu acupuncture method.Compared with the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic in the same period,both recorded the above-mentioned theories,but the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic was more able to guide and promote the evolution and development of acupuncture-related theories in later generations than the unearthed medical slips.Conclusion:(1)The documents of acupuncture and moxibustion on medical bamboo slips from the pre-Qin and Han dynasties unearthed in Gansu were close tothe recording at the same period as the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic,that is,the period of great development and summary of traditional Chinese medicine theory,reflecting and presenting the general development of acupuncture and moxibustion in Northwest China such as Gansu at that time.(2)Although the acupuncture and moxibustion documents of Qin and Han medical slips unearthed in Gansu do not clearly record the contents of the meridians,the records on the location,attending,and retention time of acupoints such as "Zusanli","Pishu" and "Wuzhuixia" are useful for studying the development of acupoints in the Qin and Han dynasties.Important reference value;the medical brief summarizes acupuncture,moxibustion,sticking therapy and other acupuncture methods.Among them,acupuncture and sticking therapy are practical and regional,enriching and developing the clinical diagnosis and treatment methods of acupuncture at that time.(3)Compared with the Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic in the same period,the characteristics of acupuncture points such as the location of "Zusanli" and the indications of "quanshui" recorded in the medical slips unearthed in Gansu have obvious characteristics;regarding the acupuncture retention time of cold diseases,the depth and intensity of acupuncture are determined according to the nature of the disease.The diversification of therapies and dosage forms of the ENT diseases,especially the information on the plasters and prescriptions that can treat a variety of difficult and complicated diseases,still has strong guiding and reference significance for modern acupuncture and moxibustion,and it is in the academic history of acupuncture and moxibustion.Valuable information,its clinical characteristics,theoretical significance and academic value need to be further explored to promote and promote the research and application of Gansu’s ancient characteristic acupuncture literature.