| Objective:To explore the use of interventional embolization method to prepare animal models of femoral head necrosis,and to compare the differences in the modeling results of using gelatin sponge particles,PVA,gelatin sponge particles+PVA and gelatin sponge particles+PVA+spring coIL,so as to find the embolization materials for good model preparation,and to provide a relatively new model basis for related research on femoral head necrosis.Methods:Fifteen adult male black goats were randomly divided into five groups:A(control group),B(gelatin sponge granules),C(PVA),D(gelatin sponge granules+PVA)and E(gelatin sponge granules+PVA+spring coil).Preoperative routine MRI examination was performed on the five groups of goats,and then right femoral artery puncture and intubation were performed by Seldinger puncture method.Arteriography examination of femoral head blood supply was performed on the goats in group A without embolization.Gelatin sponge particles,PVA,gelatin sponge particles+PVA,and gelatin sponge particles+PVA+spring coIL were given to the blood supply artery of left femoral head of goats in groups B,C,D and E,respectively.The goats were generally observed after surgery.MRI examination was performed at the 2nd,4th and 6th weeks after surgery.At the end of MRI examination at the 6th week,all the goats were sacrificed to take the left femoral head for histomathological examination,and the percentage of trabecula area and the percentage of empty lacunae were calculated.Result:① General observation:In the experimental group,there was no postoperative infection or death,no hematoma formation at the puncture site and good healing,and no necrosis of soft tissue at the modeling side.Compared with the control group,group B,C,D and E showed poor mental state and diet,significantly reduced activities,and showed obvious lameness in one week after operation.② DSA examination:Through intraoperative DSA angiography observation,it was found that the branches of the internal and lateral femoral circumrotation arteries and internal iliac arteries mainly supplied the femoral head of goats,while the middle sacral artery did not participate in the blood supply of the femoral head region.DSA angiography before embolization showed clear development of bilateral iliac arteries and their branches in group A,B,C,D and E,and normal blood supply around the femoral head.After embolization,DSA angiography showed that the femoral head supplying branches of the left medial and lateral femoral circumrotation arteries and the left internal iliac artery in group B,C and D were occlusion,and there was no significant development of the supplying artery around the left femoral head.In group E,the left lateral femoral rotation artery,the left profundus artery and the middle and lower trunk and branches of the left internal iliac artery were occlusion,and there was no obvious development of the blood supplying artery around the left femoral head.③MRI examination:No obvious abnormal signal changes were observed in the left femoral head MRI of group A,B,C and D before surgery and at the 2nd,4th and 6th weeks after surgery.The T1WI and T2WI sequences showed uniform high signal,while the lipid suppressant sequences showed low signal.At the 2nd week after operation,MRI examination of goats in group E showed no obvious abnormity in signals of the left femoral head.In one of them,there was a slightly longer T1 and shorter T2 signal change in the middle and upper part of the left femur,and the STIR sequence showed a slightly higher signal.The MRI examination at the 4th and 6th weeks after surgery showed no abnormal signals in the left femoral head,and the necrosis signal range of the middle and upper part of the left femur gradually decreased.④ Histopathological observation:The pathology of the left femoral head of goats in group A showed that osteocytes were clearly visible,empty bone lacunae were few,bone trabecular structure was complete and orderly,and the bone marrow was filled with adipocytes and bone marrow cells.The pathology of left femoral head of goats in group B showed decreased bone marrow cells,enlarged and fused adipose cells,slightly increased empty bone lacunae,and sparse bone trabecular structure.The pathology of left femoral head of goats in group C showed that the bone marrow cells were significantly reduced,the adipocytes were enlarged,fused and necrolyzed,some bone cells were necrotic,the number of empty bone lacunae was increased,and the structure of bone trabecular was sparse and fractured.The pathology of left femoral head of goats in group D showed obvious necrosis reduction of bone marrow cells,enlargement,fusion and necrosis dissolution of adipocytes,obvious necrosis of bone cells,obvious increase of empty bone lacunae and fracture of multiple bone trabecular structures.Pathology of left femoral head of goats in group E showed obvious reduction of bone marrow cells,enlargement,fusion,necrosis and dissolution of adipocytes,extensive necrosis of bone cells,obvious increase of empty bone lacunae,and extensive destruction and fracture of bone trabecula.The percentage of trabecula area of left femoral head in group B was significantly lower than that in group A(P<0.05).The percentage of trabecula area of left femoral head in group C was significantly lower than that in group A(P<0.05).The percentage of trabecula area of left femoral head in group C was significantly lower than that in group B(P<0.05).The percentage of trabecula area of left femoral head in group D was significantly lower than that in group A(P<0.05).The percentage of trabecula area of left femoral head in group E was significantly lower than that in group A(P<0.05).The percentage of trabecula area of left femoral head in group E was significantly lower than that in group D(P<0.05).The percentage of left femoral head lacunae in group B was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05).The percentage of left femoral head lacunae in group C was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05).The percentage of left femoral head lacunae in group C was significantly higher than that in group B(P<0.05).The percentage of left femoral head lacunae in group D was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05).The percentage of left femoral head lacunae in group E was significantly higher than that in group A(P<0.05).The percentage of left femoral head lacunae in group E was significantly higher than that in group D(P<0.05).Conclusion:①The animal model of early femoral head necrosis can be established by interventional embolization;②The effect of PVA alone is better than that of gelatin sponge particles alone;③The modeling effect of gelatin sponge particles+PVA+spring coil is better than that of gelatin sponge particles+PVA;④The combination of embolization materials can establish a typical early ONFH model,and the modeling effect is better than that of embolization materials alone. |
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