| Objective:Through the occupational health examination results of on-the-job workers in 135 enterprises in Changchun in 2019,understand the scale of the main economic types of these enterprises,the health and differences of employees,and clarify the main occupational hazard factors in different enterprises.To provide a theoretical basis for enterprises and relevant departments in Changchun to take effective occupational disease prevention and control measures.Methods:A retrospective survey was used to collect data on the 2019 occupational health examination medical examinations of 13,695 employees on duty in 135 enterprises in Changchun for the classification and collation of data,including blood pressure,electrocardiogram,hearing,blood routine,chest X-ray,lung function test and liver function test.IBM SPSS 24.0 software and Excel 2019 were used for collation and analysis,and the count data were expressed as rates or composition ratios.Differences were compared using the chi-square test with a test level of α=0.05.Results:1.Composition of 135 enterprises in Changchun and number of participantsThe 135 enterprises were distributed in 7 districts of Changchun,with the highest number of 57（42.22%）in Nanguan District,39（28.89%）in Economic and Technological Development Zone,10（7.41%）in High-tech Industrial Development Zone,13（9.63%）in Green Park,8（5.93%）in Kuancheng District,7（5.19%）in Changchun Automobile Economic Development Zone and 1（0.74%）in Shuangyang District.0.74%),with the number of participants in health checks being 2069（15.1%）,687（5%）,737（5.4%）,644（4.7%）,3850（28.1%）,5618（41%）and 90（0.7%）respectively.Of these,8（5.93%）were large enterprises,41（30.37%）were mediumsized enterprises and 86（63.70%）were micro and small enterprises.The number of participants in medical examinations was 5910（43.15%）,5089（37.16%）and 2696（19.70%）respectively.There were 25 state-owned and collective enterprises（18.52%）,13 foreign and Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan enterprises（8.89%）and 97 private enterprises（71.85%）,with 8718（63.7%）,1073（7.8%）and 3904（28.5%）participants in the medical examinations respectively.2.Industrial distribution of participating workers in 135 enterprisesAmong the 13695 employees,7686（56.12%）participated in the physical examination in the automobile manufacturing industry,accounting for 7.65% of the general machinery and equipment manufacturing industry,2.83% of the mineral and metal products processing and manufacturing industry,5.87% of the wood products processing and manufacturing industry,13.75% of the mining industry,4.69% of the agricultural and sideline food processing industry,1.02% of the textile industry,3.18%of the service industry,3.46% of the power,heat,gas and water production and supply industry,and 1.42% of the wholesale and retail industry.3.Basic information on health examination of employees in 135 enterprises in ChangchunA total of 13695 on-the-job employees in 135 enterprises participated in health examination,with an average age of（39.53 ± 9.51）years,of which the minimum age is18 years and the maximum age is 68 years.There were 1622 women（11.84%）and12073 men（88.16%）.4.Exposure of employees to harmful factors in 135 enterprisesThe main occupational harmful factors are noise,dust and benzene.Among them,9418 people（68.77%）participated in the physical examination in the noise group,2001people（14.61%）in the dust group and 1714 people（12.52%）in the benzene group;The average length of service of workers exposed to hazardous factors is（6.47 ± 7.79）years,of which 7657（55.91%）have been exposed to hazardous factors for 2 ～ 10 years,25.36%for ≤ 1 year group,55.91% for 2～10 years group,10.78% for 11 ～ 20 years group,5.78%for 21 ～ 30 years group and 2.26% for ≥ 31 years group.5.Detection of occupational contraindications and suspected occupational diseases of employees participating in the inspection in 135 enterprisesThere were 13695 people in the occupational health examination,of which 10709（78.20%）had no abnormality,238（2.07%）needed to be rechecked,3（0.02%）suspected occupational diseases,22（0.16%）occupational contraindications and 1897（13.85%）other diseases or abnormalities.Suspected occupational diseases and occupational contraindications were mainly concentrated in Lvyuan District and Nanguan District,with the total detection rates of 0.54% and 0.52% respectively;The total detection rates of suspected occupational diseases and occupational contraindications were 0.34%,0.26%and 0.05% respectively.Foreign enterprises > private enterprises > State-owned and collective enterprises,0.46%,0.25% and 0.11% respectively.The total detection rates of occupational contraindications and suspected occupational diseases were 0.24% and 0.18%,respectively The total detection rate of55 year old age group was the highest,accounting for 0.47%.The total detection rate of benzene and noise exposure group was 0.94%,dust and noise exposure group was0.29%,noise exposure group was 0.19%,benzene exposure group was 0.12%,and dust exposure group was 0.1%.The total detection rates of suspected occupational diseases and occupational contraindications were 0.71% in textile industry,0.67% in general machinery and equipment manufacturing industry and 0.51% in wholesale and retail industry.6.Detection results of various abnormal indicators13695 employees participated in the physical examination of blood pressure and ECG,and the abnormal detection rates were 25.5% and 12.38% respectively.The total abnormal rate of blood routine examination was 7.06%,of which the abnormal rates of leukocytes,erythrocytes,hemoglobin,platelets and neutrophils were 1.45%,0.88%,4.2%,0.31% and 1.4% respectively.The detection rates of routine urine,alanine aminotransferase,chest film and pulmonary function were 11.31%,20.73%,7.14% and5.10% respectively.A total of 9980 people participated in the hearing examination,and1864（18.68%）were detected.Comprehensive analysis of the above results showed that there were significant differences in different regions,enterprise economic types,enterprise scale,employees’ blood pressure,ECG and hearing abnormality rate（P < 0.05）.The blood pressure,ECG,hearing,blood routine and chest film of employees in different industries were statistically significant（P < 0.05）.There were significant differences in the abnormal rates of blood pressure,hearing,blood routine,ECG and chest film among workers of different ages,exposed to harmful factors and working years（P < 0.05）.There were significant differences in blood pressure and abnormal hearing rate between workers of different genders（P < 0.05）.Conclusions:1.A total of three suspected occupational diseases were detected in the occupational health examination,and there were 22 occupational contraindications.The rates of blood pressure,glutathione transaminase,hearing and ECG abnormalities were high,and the overall health condition of the workers participating in the 135 enterprises was not optimistic.2.The abnormality rate for each indicator varies by industry,age,gender,exposure to harmful factors and length of service of the participating workers.3.This occupational health inspection is mainly carried out by micro and small enterprises and private companies.The main occupational hazard present in 135 enterprises was noise. |
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