| The study of Chinese vocabulary lags behind that of grammar and phonetics.Before 1995,the academic research on vocabulary focused on the explanation of difficult words,but the article " a thought on the history of Chinese words " published in 1995 shifted people’s attention to the study of common words.In recent years,the study of common words has involved many aspects,among which the study of diachronic evolution of Chinese common words has become an important part of the study of common words and vocabulary history.In the study of diachronic evolution of common words,diachronic evolution of a certain class of common words is a good starting point.Through investigation,it is found that the common words of " pity " were not valued and changed greatly in the ancient Chinese.Therefore,this paper chooses to study the diachronic evolution of common psychological verbs like " pity" in the ancient Chinese.In this article,through the dictionaries to find out the ancient Chinese said"pity"of Chinese vocabulary,with the aid of electronic retrieval system to collect all the word examples in 28 ancient books and to distinguish their meanings,to determine in this paper the research object is seven commonly used words including"lian(怜)","xu(恤)","jin(矜)","ai(哀)","min(闵)","ai lian(哀怜)"and"ce yin(恻隐)".These seven words constitute the semantic field of the common mental verbs of"pity"in ancient Chinese.This paper is divided into five parts,the specific research contents are as follows:The first part shows the use cases and frequency of common mental verbs of " pity " in ancient Chinese.This paper divides the ancient Chinese into four periods: the shang and xi zhou dynasties,the spring and autumn period,the warring states period and the qin and western han dynasties.Then,the specific research contents of each period are divided into two parts,the first part gives examples of the commonly used mental verbs of " pity " in this period,and the second part makes a frequency table of the word examples in this period and describes the table.The second part is the main part of the thesis,which mainly describes the diachronic description of the commonly used psychological verbs of " pity " in ancient Chinese.This part is divided into two parts,the first part is the diachronic evolution of a single word,the second part is the diachronic evolution of the whole semantic field.Again in the first part is divided into three parts,the first part analyzes the meaning of each word evolution,the second part analyzes each word in the four periods of ancient Chinese grammar,and on this basis summarizes the evolution of each word,the third part makes a comparative analysis of the seven words in terms of meaning and grammar.The second part is divided into three parts,the first part discusses the changes of the number and status of each word in different periods,the second part analyzes the changes of each word meaning in the ancient Chinese,paying special attention to the changes of the meaning of " pity ",the third part explores the overall grammatical changes of semantic field and summarizes the diachronic evolution of semantic field of common mental verbs of " pity " on the basis of synchronic.The third part,based on the first two parts,summarizes the characteristics of the commonly used psychological verbs of " pity " in ancient Chinese.There are four features in all,which are the unity of inheritance and non-inheritance,the incomplete synchronization of the development trend of grammar,the similarities and differences of the legal features of each word,and the polyphonic of monophonic words in the semantic field.The fourth part mainly explores the causes of the evolution of the common psychological verbs of " pity " in ancient Chinese.It is divided into four parts: the influence of social environment,the internal adjustment of language,the influence of vocabulary system and the function of human cognition.The last part is the conclusion. |
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