Research On The Extend Meanings Of Azimuthal Words In Teaching Chinese As A Second Language

The azimuthal words in modern Chinese are a kind of words with extremely rich semantics.The spatial locative meaning of azimuthal words is the basic meaning given to it by human beings in the initial stage of language.However,with the complexity of human cognitive activities,the demand for language expression increases,and some azimuthal words have extended semantic categories such as time,quantity and scope.For example,"Shang" in "last week" means "order",and "Shang" in "in the world" means "scope".In fact,the semantic extension of azimuthal words is the result of human’s choice under cognitive thinking.Taking the time of "shangxia" as an example,there is a certain cognitive motivation behind the mapping from location domain to time domain.In the ancient world view,"shangxia" is not "shangxia" in the modern sense,but a cycle with the sun’s movement as its trajectory.The change of the sun’s position is a sensory change visible to the naked eye,and its position change reflects Therefore,starting from this cognition,people make a correspondence between "upper and lower",which indicates spatial orientation,and "sooner or later of time".Many azimuthal words have cognitive motivation behind their meaning extension,which needs to be explored.The semantic evolution process of locative words is still a dynamic semantic extension process,which follows a certain metaphorical cognitive thinking mode,and the metaphorical thinking mode of Han has shaped a unique spatial orientation metaphor system.Therefore,the complexity of the meaning of azimuthal words and the metaphorical mechanism behind them should be paid attention to in the teaching process of azimuthal words.Therefore,from the perspective of spatial orientation metaphor in cognitive linguistics,this paper will systematically analyze the original meaning,extended meaning and metaphorical mechanism of the basic orientation words "Shang,Xia,Qian and Hou" and three pairs of reverse orientation phrases "Shangxia,Qianhou,Zuoyou".Combined with their semantic category presentation in the comprehensive course of <Developing Chinese>,a questionnaire was developed according to the results of teaching material analysis,to investigate the foreign students’ mastery of all kinds of extended meanings of the abovementioned azimuthal words and azimuthal phrases.Finally,the corresponding teaching suggestions were given based on the analysis and survey results.The article consists of six parts:The first part is the introduction.This part mainly introduces the reason,purpose,significance,research methods and theoretical basis of the thesis,and reviews the research status of azimuthal words,spatial locative metaphor,azimuthal words in teaching Chinese as a foreign language,azimuthal words and cultural teaching,which further determines the writing context of this paper,that is,exploring the meaning extension process of azimuthal words from their initial meaning,revealing the cognitive thinking mode of Chinese spatial location behind them,and looking for effective teaching methods.In the second part,the semantic analysis and combing of "Shang/Xia,Qian/Hou,Zuo/You" and three pairs of reverse azimuthal words "Shangxia,Qianhou,Zuoyout" are carried out respectively,and the metaphorical mechanism is analyzed.The extended meanings of "time,quantity,emotional state,grade" of "Shang" and "Xia" are symmetrical,in addition to which two asymmetric extended meanings are derived,namely "scope and aspect" of "Shang","condition and background" of "Xia",and "Shang" can express "approximate quantity and maximum scope" The time extension meanings of "Qian" and "Hou" are asymmetric."Qian" can mean both "past and earlier time" and "future",while "Hou" can only mean "future and later time" in relative sense,while "Qianhou" mostly means "time range".The cultural connotations of "Zuo" and "You" are rich,which can be used as a part of cultural teaching.Among the four extended meanings of "Zuoyou","About quantity,scope,referring to people and manipulating",the meaning of "referring to people" is relatively rare in modern Chinese.In the third part,we will focus on six textbooks,namely,"Developing Chinese"(divided into upper and lower volumes),and investigate the recurrence frequency,semantic categories,presentation order,annotation and explanation methods of "Shang,Xia,Qian,Hou,Shangxia,Qianhou,Zuoyou" in the vocabulary and text,so as to provide the basis for the subsequent teaching suggestions of azimuthal words.The fourth part is a questionnaire survey,which investigates the foreign students’ mastery of the extended meaning of "Shang,Xia,Qian,Hou,Shangxia,Qianhou,Zuoyou",and then determines the important and difficult points in teaching.The meaning of aspect,scope and grade state in “Shang”,background condition and grade state in “Xia”,referential meaning in front and back,scope meaning in “Shangxia”,and manipulation meaning in “Zuoyou”should be regarded as teaching difficulties.The fifth part focuses on the teaching of azimuthal words,and puts forward some suggestions on the annotation and arrangement order of teaching materials,and puts forward the teaching principles and methods of azimuthal words and the principles of using teaching materials to form a scientific and reasonable teaching reference.The sixth part is the conclusion,which summarizes the research results of this paper and points out the deficiency that the article does not include all the azimuthal words.