The Effect Of Group Identity On Tolerance Of In-group And Out-group:The Moderating Effect Of Awe

Tolerance is a kind of tolerant and generous attitude and virtue.It is of great practical significance to study the influencing factors of tolerance to promote the cultivation of tolerance mentality.Among them,the degree of intimacy with others is an important factor affecting tolerance,and the division of in-group and out-group is an important indicator to measure the degree of intimacy with others.Social identity theory holds that people are more tolerant towards in-group and its members than out-group.However,in the field of tolerance research,most studies focus on the types of tolerance far away from daily life and similar concepts of tolerance,such as political tolerance and tolerance,etc.In the past,the relationship between in-group and out-group and tolerance was inferred based on the effect of in-group and out-group without research evidence.With the deepening of the research scholars found that the individual is not always with in-group,there exist in the relationship between the separation of explicit and implicit attitude and certain adjustment factors,emotion is the relation between cognitive and behavioral regulation of common factors,between the 2013 vision began to research into the psychology of fear emotions can enhance individual sense of connection with others,It may mediate the relationship between group identity and tolerance in and out of groups.Accordingly,this study selected the minimalist group pattern that gives the participants a specific group identity to internal and external groups,divided into the social norm violations tasks and implicit associative paradigm respectively as members of the individual internal and external group explicit tolerance and implicit tolerance index,to examine group of individual identity internal and external effect of explicit and implicit tolerance.In addition,positive awe and threat awe were selected as moderating variables according to the emotional valence to explore whether the two awe emotions could regulate the tolerance effect of individual group identity on internal and external group.Study 1 examined whether there were significant differences in tolerance between in-group and out-group in terms of individual group identity at the explicit level,and the degree of implicit tendency toward in-group tolerance and out-group intolerance at the implicit level.In study 2,positive awe and threat awe were introduced and neutral emotion was used as control group to explore whether awe moderated the effect of explicit and implicit tolerance in individuals and in groups.The following conclusions were obtained through experiments:（1）An individual’s group identity affects the implicit and explicit tolerance of in-group members and out-group members.The individuals’ explicit tolerance of in-group members who violate social norms is significantly higher than that of out-group members,and this attitude has a higher implicit tendency.（2）There are differences between positive awe and threat awe in the degree of perceived threat.There are awe in both positive and threat awe,but the degree of perceived threat triggered by threat awe is significantly greater than that of positive awe.（3）The explicit tolerance of the threat awe group was significantly lower than that of the positive awe group and the neutral group.（4）Both positive awe and threat awe can mediate the effect of group identity on implicit tolerance and explicit tolerance.There was no significant difference in tolerance between in-group and out-group at both explicit and implicit levels after positive awe and threat awe were induced.However,the tolerance of in-group members who violated social norms was significantly higher in the neutral emotion group than in the out-group members.Based on the research conclusions,the following suggestions and practical application of education are put forward :（1）attention should be paid to guiding students to form inclusive and open group concept in education;（2）Cultivate the establishment and development of groups by inducing students’ positive awe emotion;（3）Avoid students’ feelings of threat and awe towards teachers,thus reducing their tolerance and tolerance to others.