| The Yellow River Basin is an important area of ecological protection and economic development in China.GDP of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin was 2.47 trillion RMB in 2020,accounting for 25%of the total national GDP.From the perspective of total economic output,the Yellow River Basin is still an underdeveloped region.GDP per capita of the nine provinces along the Yellow River Basin from 2010 to 2020 was lower than the national GDP per capita and the gap was increasing annually,the per capita GDP of nine provinces in the Yellow River in 2020 was 60400 RMB per capita,only 84%of the national GDP per capita.To solve the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development in the Yellow River Basin,China issued "Ecological Conservation and High-quality Development of the Yellow River Basin" in September 2019.This national strategy will have a significant impact on the future development of the Yellow River Basin.Given the background of "carbon peak " by 2030 and"carbon neutrality" by 2060 in China,achieving high-quality and sustainable development in the Yellow River Basin requires the implementation of reasonable carbon reduction deployments for each province in the region.Identifying the carbon footprint of each province and the transfer path of embodied carbon emissions and finding key sectors,and scientifically assessing the carbon reduction capability of the nine provinces in the Yellow River is the key to achieving the regional carbon reduction strategy.In this study,the carbon footprint of nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin was calculated based on the input-output model.The carbon footprint of the nine provinces was compared and analyzed from the perspective of total carbon footprint,carbon footprint intensity and carbon footprint per capita.The province with the highest total carbon footprint was Shandong,with a carbon footprint of 845 million tons.Ningxia was the province with the highest carbon footprint per capita of 22.37 tons,and it had the highest carbon footprint intensity of 441 tons per million RMB.This study clarified the sectoral composition of the carbon footprint of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin,among the sectoral composition of the carbon footprint of each province,"Processing and manufacturing of petroleum,coking,nuclear fuel,and chemical products","Construction" and "Other services" are the three sectors with a higher proportion of emissions,up to 42.4%(Ningxia),47.7%(Qinghai)and 14.7%(Sichuan).This study also sorted out the embodied carbon emission transfer paths between sectors within each province and discussed the similarities and differences of the transfer paths in each province."Metal processing and metal,non-metallic products-Construction","Processing and manufacturing of petroleum,coking,nuclear fuel,and chemical products-Metal processing and metal,non-metallic products","Processing and manufacturing of petroleum,coking,nuclear fuel,and chemical products-Other services","Production and supply of electricity,steam,gas,and water-Metal processing and metal,non-metallic products" and "Metal processing and metal,nonmetallic products-Equipment,machinery,and other manufacturing industries" were the 5 carbon emission transfer paths with large embodied carbon emission transfer within each province.This paper calculated and analyzed the embodied carbon emission transfer between provinces based on a multi-regional input-output model,and found that Shandong,Henan,and Shaanxi exported more embodied carbon emissions,with 711.6 thousand tons,763.6 thousand tons,and 1,341.7 thousand tons of CO2 respectively.Henan and Shaanxi were also the provinces with a large amount of embodied carbon emissions transferred in,with 1,241.8 thousand tons and 796.6 thousand tons of CO2 respectively.By comparing the embodied carbon emission transfer between the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin in 2012,7 paths with a large increase in the transfer amount were identified,i.e."Shaanxi-Ningxia","Sichuan-Shaanxi","ShandongNingxia","Shaanxi-Henan","Henan-Ningxia","Shandong-Shaanxi" and "ShaanxiShandong".These 7 paths were further analyzed at the sector level and the corresponding reduction suggestions were proposed.Based on the results,an interprovincial embodied carbon emission transfer network was constructed,and the key sectors among them were identified through social network node characterization.The degree centrality,closeness centrality and betweenness centrality of the secondary industry in Shaanxi were the highest,which had stronger control over the carbon emissions of the three maj or industrial sectors in other provinces and was at the core of the network.A regional carbon emission reduction capacity evaluation system was constructed in this paper,which is divided into two levels.The first level includes six indicators:economic development level,industrial development level,science and technology development level,energy consumption and carbon emission intensity,carbon transfer capability,and carbon sink capacity.The second level includes 26 secondary indicators related to the primary indicators.The final weights of each evaluation indicator were calculated with the AHP-CRITIC method,and the carbon reduction capability of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin was evaluated based on the statistical data.The distribution range of carbon reduction capability score was 74.359～85.567.Sichuan,Shandong and Henan were high-capability provinces that can contribute more to carbon reduction in the Yellow River Basin.This study provided a theoretical basis and data support for scientific formulation of carbon emission reduction strategies at the inter-provincial and intra-provincial level in the Yellow River Basin,which is of guiding significance for promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. |
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