"Waste" And "Resources"-The Cognition,Utilization And Disposal Of Garbage By Tibetans In Nishi Village,Shangri-La

With the continuous advancement of my country’s industrialization and urbanization,agricultural modernization and the continuous improvement of farmers’ living standards,rural garbage has become a major problem that restricts the development of rural society and threatens the living environment of farmers.In this context,it is of great practical significance to pay attention to the garbage problem in Nishi Village in Shangri-La.Based on a field survey of a Tibetan village—Nishi Village in Shangri-La City,this paper starts with how Tibetans perceive garbage,and discusses the classification,utilization and disposal of garbage by Tibetans.Based on this,this paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges encountered by Tibetan traditional villages in the process of modernization transformation through Tibetans’ cognition and disposal of garbage,as well as the adaptation process shown by Tibetans,so as to present the ecological culture of Shangri-Lani Village.Some characteristics,explore the local ecological knowledge of a half-agricultural and half-pastoral village like Nishi Village,in order to properly deal with the problem of rural domestic waste,and explore the sustainable development path for the coordinated development of ecology,economy and culture.The full text is divided into three parts: introduction,main body and conclusion.The introduction part expounds the reason for choosing the topic,the meaning of the topic,and the selection of field points.It reviews the domestic and foreign scholars’ concept of cleanliness and the minority’s cognition of garbage,and briefly explains the research method of this paper.The main text is divided into four parts: the first chapter is the first part,which discusses the Tibetan concept of cleanliness.Through a detailed discussion of relatively rich field investigations and documents,as well as a common-sense dialogue on the contamination theories of Douglas and others,the concepts of cleanliness and filth that permeate the daily life of Tibetans are revealed.The Tibetans’ concept of cleanliness is mainly manifested in "emphasis on the sacred and less on the secular",which is distinguished by the distance from religion.The second chapter is the second part,which discusses the Tibetans’ cognition and classification of "garbage" in Nishi Village.In the eyes of Tibetans,there is a concept that "what comes from nature is not garbage".In their view,the so-called garbage is the product of "modernization" and "industrialization",and they have their own unique local expressions for cognition and classification of garbage."Useful" and "useless" have become the key criteria for dividing "resources" and "garbage",reflecting the self-adjustment of the local ecological cycle system.The third chapter is the third part,which discusses how Tibetans traditionally use and dispose of garbage,and how to dispose of garbage now.The fourth chapter,the fourth part,discusses the connection between economic development and the waste problem.By presenting the direct consequences of improper disposal of domestic waste in Nishi Village,it analyzes the relationship between development and ecology,and further extends to waste management in recent years.The results achieved to demonstrate the positive effects of the gradually restored ecological environment on livelihoods.To sum up,in recent years,with the process of modernization,more and more garbage has appeared on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which will not only lead to the deterioration of the ecological environment of the plateau,but also cause certain damage to the local Tibetan traditional culture.Therefore,from the perspective of Tibetans’ cognition,the Tibetan people’s garbage classification system,utilization and treatment situation are specifically investigated,and after comparing the classification and treatment of garbage in a scientific sense,it can be seen that Tibetans have special classification and cognitive utilization of garbage.system,and this system is important for people to understand and reflect on the modernity of traditional knowledge.Of course,the usefulness and rationality of modern scientific knowledge cannot be ignored.Only by reasonably complementing and linking traditional and modern knowledge to achieve a situation of coexistence and complementary development,can it serve the green and coordinated development of Nishi Village more effectively.