Aerobic Composting Technology And Efficiency Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Residue Film Covering

With the rapid development of China’s traditional Chinese medicine industry,nearly 700000 tons of traditional Chinese medicine are consumed every year,and hundreds of tons of traditional Chinese medicine waste residue are also generated.Semipermeable membrane aerobic composting is one of the ways to utilize traditional Chinese medicine residue resources,which has the advantages of small floor space,portability,short fermentation cycle,and no obvious odor.At present,there are few studies on aerobic composting with mixed excipients of traditional Chinese medicine residues and the mixed fermentation is not thorough.Aiming at the unclear proportion of mixed excipients of traditional Chinese medicine residues,this study uses traditional Chinese medicine residues as raw materials and cow dung as excipients to construct a semi permeable membrane aerobic composting system.By analyzing the changes in maturity indicators,heavy metal content,and water-soluble organic matter succession,the impact of mixing different proportions of excipients on the aerobic fermentation process of traditional Chinese medicine residues is discussed,Combining the changes of bacterial microbial community structure in various stages of aerobic fermentation,it provides a theoretical basis for rapid composting of the pile.Apply the organic fertilizer produced to the cultivation of Isatis indigotica,mint,and dandelion.Based on the growth indicators of medicinal plants,demonstrate the feasibility of applying the semi permeable membrane aerobic composting technology of traditional Chinese medicine residues to drug cultivation.The changes of pH,electrical conductivity,E4/E6 and other maturity indicators of the four composts with different initial carbon to nitrogen ratios during the fermentation process conform to general fermentation laws.TheC/N25 ratio has a maximum stack temperature of 57.6℃ and is maintained above 50℃ for 7 days.The E4/E6 value is the highest in the maturity period compared to the same period last year,and the fermentation effect is the best.The total nutrients of the 25,30,and 35 carbon nitrogen ratios of the compost increased to 5.48%,5.41%,and 5.12%,respectively,and the contents of As,Hg,Pb,Cd,and Cr elements all met the national standards of China,meeting the compost maturity index.There is a phenomenon of incomplete fermentation in the fermentation process of the pile with a carbon nitrogen ratio of 20,and the fermentation efffect is the worst with only 4.86%of the total nutrients in the mature stage.The microbial community structure of bacteria in the initial stage of composting in each pile was similar,and gradually showed differences with the continuous extension of aerobic fermentation time.The four genera of bacteria that account for a high proportion during composting are Bacillus and norank_f_norank_o_SBR1031、unclassified_f_Rhizobiaceae、norank_f_JG30-KF-CM45,Lysine Bacillus.After entering the heating period,the number of Bacillus in each pile decreased from 13.28%in the initial stage to 10.64%,while the number of unclassified_f_Rhizobiaceae from 1.08%in the initial stage to 4.15%indicates that a large number of heat-labile microorganisms are continuously inactivated by high temperature during the heating and high temperature stages,and there are also a large number of thermophilic bacteria that proliferate and metabolize.The organic fertilizer obtained by the 25 carbon nitrogen ratio pile system can improve the germination rate of Isatis indigotica by up to 56.33%,and also has a good promoting effect on seedling growth.After 60 days of cultivation,the number of leaves of the plant reaches 9.33.The organic fertilizer obtained by the 30 carbon nitrogen ratio pile system had a poor effect on the germination rate and seedling growth of Isatis indigotica,and had a certain inhibitory effect.The organic fertilizer obtained from the two composts produced inhibitory effects on peppermint seedlings,which were lower than the blank value.The organic fertilizer made from traditional Chinese medicine residue has a significant improvement in the growth of dandelion,which can effectively increase the germination rate and promote the growth of seedlings.According to the comparison,the order of promoting effect of the organic fertilizer made from traditional Chinese medicine residue on the three medicinal plants is dandelion>isatidis root>mint.