| As a major component of urban ecosystems and urban landscape systems,parks are one of the few places in cities that are connected to nature and have become an important spatial carrier for the supply of urban ecosystem cultural services.The accelerated aging process brings new challenges to urban park planning,but the integration of differences between the elderly and youth into environmental management practices has not been sufficiently considered,and the problem of meeting the needs of the park landscape environment for the cultural added value of different age groups is becoming more and more prominent.Existing studies on ecosystem cultural services have covered various types of ecosystems,but the relationship between ecosystem cultural services and landscapes at the urban park scale is not yet fully clear.Although the perceptions of ecosystem cultural services by groups from different social backgrounds are gradually gaining attention,however,studies on the perceptions of landscape values in the actual use of urban green spaces by the elderly are scarce,there are differences in perceptions between the elderly and the youth,and there is still a lack of results to reveal the differences in value needs and acquisition between the elderly and the youth from the perspective of the landscape spatial environment.In the context of a global aging society,studying this gap is of urgent relevance to the practice of landscape environments in urban parks.In view of this,taking Huanhuaxi Urban Park in Chengdu as the study area,the research framework including photos,questionnaires and interviews was expanded and designed according to the method of visitor-employed photography of tourists.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the same number of young and elderly volunteers were selected and recruited to obtain the photo dataset with value tags after their independent tour in the park.Then,by analyzing the content of the photo dataset and using the social value model of ecosystem services,the cultural ecosystem services perceived by the youth and the elderly in the urban park ecosystem are evaluated and mapped,and the corresponding analysis method was used to reveal the relationship between various cultural ecosystem services and park landscape elements.It was found that(1)the value index assessment results of cultural ecosystem services in the youth group were generally higher than those in the elderly group,with the greatest differences in the value index assessment results of intrinsic value and educational value.(2)In terms of spatial distribution,the distribution characteristics of aesthetic value,nature appreciation value,cultural heritage value,social relationship value,life sustaining value,and future value were very similar between the two groups of youth and elderly,while the distribution characteristics of six values of recreation value,educational value,recreation value,sense of place,intrinsic value,and spiritual value had significant divergence between the two groups.Among them,the vicinity of squares,rivers,playgrounds and forest areas are the focal areas where the value identification of the two age groups diverges.(3)The area with the geographical combination of lakes and wetlands with landscape sketches and flower & lawn are the hot spots for supplying multiple values in urban parks,which can maximize the provision of composite cultural ecosystem services.(4)There are differences in the relative importance of playgrounds,pavilions,square &platform,topography,river & stream,landscape sketches,trails,and lake & wetland landscape elements in providing specific cultural services to youth and elderly groups.(5)There is a clear correspondence between the 12 types of cultural ecosystem services and specific landscape elements in both youth and elderly groups.Based on the analysis results,targeted optimization strategies are proposed for urban park landscape planning,which can help to improve the quality of ecological well-being obtained by the youth and elderly in urban parks.This study emphasizes the differences in the demand and acquisition of cultural added value provided by the environment between youth and elderly,deepens the framework of cultural ecosystem service research from the perspective of group differences,enriches the study of the relationship between landscape and cultural services at the scale of urban parks,and can provide a basis for more targeted land management and landscape planning,and helps the park’s spatial trade-offs,coordinate and optimize the space of each tourist point.The research plan design,Sol VES model application,and landscape element association mining of this study have certain exploration and can provide a reference for other similar studies. |
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