Study On Synergistic Development Of Ecosystem Service And Residents’ Well-being Based On Livelihood Perspective

The World Natural Heritage Site is a nature reserve with outstanding universal value(OUV)and a common heritage of all mankind.Policy on the integration of a sustainable development perspective into the processes of the World Heritage Convention points to enhancing ecosystem service and improving well-being and livelihood of local communities residents.The Shibing Karst World Heritage(Shibing World Heritage)has an extremely important OUV.Deeply understanding the impact of residents’ livelihood patterns on the synergistic relationship between ecosystem service and residents’ well-being is an important way to achieve sustainable development.It is of great significance to promote the win-win situation of ecosystem protection and well-being improvement in heritage areas,and to promote regional environmental sustainability and inclusive social and economic development.This thesis selected Shibing World Heritage as the research area.Based on the land use data from 2008,2014 and 2020 and 406 questionnaires.The research is divided into three stages:pre-application(2008),mid-application(2014)and late-application(2020).Analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the ecosystem service,residents’ well-being,and their coupling coordination relationship in Shibing World Heritage from 2008 to 2020 by using the equivalent factor method of ecosystem service value,comprehensive index method and coupling coordination degree model.Based on ecosystem service and well-being coupling coordination degree,this paper revealed the impact of livelihood strategy on the synergistic relationship between ecosystem service and residents’ well-being.And proposed suggestions and countermeasures to achieve double improvement of ecosystem and wellbeing.The study provids scientific reference for the ecological environment protection and sustainable development of Karst World Heritage.The main research results are as follows:(1)From 2008 to 2020,the ecosystem service value in Shibing World Heritage and its various villages showed an increasing trend.From the perspective of temporal dynamic changes,the total ecosystem service value increased by 224.04 million yuan(9.17%).Among different ecosystems services value,woodland provided the highest ecosystem service value,with an increase of 355.48 million yuan(16.26%).Among the 11 ecosystem services functions,the highest increase was in water supply service(47.66%),followed by climate regulation service(10.53%).From the perspective of spatial distribution,the overall ecosystem service value of research area shows a spatial differentiation pattern of “high in the southwest and low in the northeast”.High value area is mainly distributed in Baitang Village,Shankou Village,and Zijing Village,while low value area is mainly distributed in Shijiawan Village.From the perspective of changes in ecosystem service value in each village,Yuntai Village,which develops “ecotourism+special agriculture”,has the highest increase in ecosystem service value.The increase in ecosystem service value of Shijiawan Village,which is developing special agriculture,is relatively low.The development of ecotourism has a positive impact on the protection of ecosystem.(2)From 2008 to 2020,residents’ well-being in Shibing World Heritage and its various villages showed a significant increase trend.The overall residents’ well-being of research area increased by 4.50 times.Residents’ well-being levels of in various villages showed a significant difference.The residents’ well-being levels in Baiduo Village,Yuntai Village,Baitang Village,Shankou Village,and Shijiawan Village are above the overall well-being level of the research area.The residents’ wellbeing levels in Chayuan Village,Shengxi Village,Shiqiao Village,and Tangtou Village are below the overall well-being level of the research area.The residents’ well-being in the research area presents an obvious spatial differentiation.High-value area of residents’ well-being is mainly distributed in the south of the research area,while low-value area is mainly concentrated in the north of the research area.The improvement rate of residents’ well-being in the southern ecotourism area is higher than that in the northern water conservation area.From the perspective of the changes in the residents’ well-being in each village,the residents’ well-being growth of Baiduo Village and Yuntai Village increased the most(0.8).However,the growth of residents’ well-being in Zijing Village has the lowest increase(0.53).The positive impact of developing “ecotourism+special agriculture” on promoting residents’ well-being is higher than that of developing special agriculture.(3)From 2008 to 2020,the coupling and coordination relationship between ecosystem service and residents’ well-being at the Shibing World Heritage and its villages improved significantly.The coupling degree between ecosystem service value and well-being in the research area rised from the running-in stage to high-level coupling stage.The coordination degree and relative development between ecosystem and well-being has shifted from minor imblance and well-being lose to primary coordination and synchronization.From the spatial perspective,the coupling and coordination between ecosystem service and residents’ well-being show obvious spatial clustering characteristics in both high-value area and lowvalue area.High-value area and low-value area were mainly distributed in the south and north of the research area,respectively.The level of ecosystem and well-being coordinated development in ecotourism area is higher than that in water conservation area.Baitang Village and Shankou Village in the ecotourism area have the best coordinated development of ecosystem and well-being.(4)From 2008 to 2020,the livelihood strategy type of Shibing World Heritage changed from “single type” to “diversity type”.The advantageous livelihood strategy of residents in different villages showed significant differences before and after applying for the World Heritage.The livelihood strategies of Chayuan Village,Shengxi Village,Shijiawan Village,Shiqiao Village,Tangtou Village,and Zijing Village have transformed from “agriculture” to “agricultural+working”.The livelihood strategies of Yuntai Village,Baiduo Village,Baitang Village,and Shankou Village have shifted from “agriculture” to “agricultural+working+tourism”.“Agricultural+working” and “agricultural+working+tourism” were significantly and positively improving the coordinated development of ecosystem and well-being(P < 0.01).It indicates that diversity livelihood strategy provides a new way to promote the coordinated development of ecosystem service and residents’ well-being.(5)Based on the above conclusions,in order to further promote the coordinated development of the ecosystem service and residents’ wellbeing of the Shibing World Heritage,we propose the following differentiated recommendations: First,recommendations for optimal management of different types of villages.(1)The coordinated development model for villages ecosystem and well-being is high-level coupling stage and coordination synchronization,which should further promote the diversification of rural residents’ livelihood.At the same time,pay attention to the protection of ecosystem.(2)As ecosystem and wellbeing is primary coordination and ecosystem loss,it is necessary to continuously reduce negative impacts on the ecosystem while ensuring the high level of residents’ well-being.Secondly,suggestions for optimal management between the north and south regions within the Shibing World Heritage.(1)The north region’s villages need to focus on improving the well-being of local residents.Increase the supply of high-quality green agricultural and forestry products.Improve the top-level design of agricultural subsidies and ecological compensation.(2)There are seasonal and fragile issues in the development of ecotourism in the southern region.Tourism should be rationally planned and developed based on time differences.Optimize and promote regional characteristic agricultural planting.Achieve high standards of production management.(3)Based on the differences in livelihood strategy in different regions,build the “north and south regional cooperation community”.Boost the high-level coordinated development of Shibing World Heritage ecosystem service and residents’ well-being.