Study On The Measurement Of Ecological Efficiency Of Grain Production And Its Influencing Factors In Shandong Province

As a major grain production province in China,ensuring high-quality grain production in Shandong Province is crucial for national food security.With the continuous promotion of agricultural modernization,the grain production in Shandong Province has steadily increased.However,the environmental pollution problem caused by the large investment of production factors such as fertilizers,pesticides,and machinery has become increasingly severe.While ensuring the increase in grain production,balancing the tense relationship between grain production and resource environment is currently the top priority for achieving high-quality development of grain production.The ecological efficiency of grain includes the environmental impact in grain production as an unexpected output in the evaluation index system of grain production,changing the traditional neglect of the environment by grain production efficiency,and making performance evaluation more scientific and comprehensive.Therefore,this article considers measuring the grain production status in Shandong Province using grain ecological efficiency and exploring its influencing factors,in order to provide feasible countermeasures and suggestions for the sustainable development of grain production in Shandong Province.This article reviews relevant literature,concepts,and theories,analyzes the current situation of grain production and ecological environment in Shandong Province,and incorporates carbon emissions and non-point source pollution as unexpected outputs into the grain production evaluation index system.The super efficiency SBM model is used to evaluate the ecological efficiency of grain in Shandong Province from four aspects: time evolution,regional differences,input-output losses,and dynamic changes in the Malmquist index,On the basis of efficiency evaluation,the Tobit model was used to explore its influencing factors.The following conclusion is drawn: From 2011 to 2020,the grain production efficiency and ecological efficiency in Shandong Province showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,and the production efficiency value was significantly higher than the ecological efficiency value.The grain ecological efficiency can better reflect the true situation of grain production;From 2011 to 2020,there were significant differences in the ecological efficiency of grain in various cities in Shandong Province.Dezhou City had the highest average ecological efficiency of grain,while Yantai City had the lowest average ecological efficiency of grain;The main reasons for the loss of grain ecological efficiency in Shandong Province are labor input redundancy,chemical input redundancy,and unexpected output redundancy.There are significant differences in the input-output losses of grain production in different regions;The average Malmquist index in Shandong Province from 2011 to 2020 was 1.027,with an average annual growth rate of 2.7%,which is caused by the combination of technological efficiency improvement and technological progress.The impact of technological progress is greater,and low technological efficiency is a key limiting factor for the improvement of grain ecological efficiency in various cities in Shandong Province;Scale level,fiscal support for agriculture,and environmental regulations have a positive impact on the ecological efficiency of grain in Shandong Province,while mechanization level,effective irrigation rate,and farmers’ income level have a negative impact on the ecological efficiency of grain in Shandong Province.Based on the above research conclusions,this article proposes the following countermeasures and suggestions:(1)Develop environmental protection policies and establish an environmental pollution monitoring system.(2)Based on the current situation of grain production in various regions,we will make up for the shortcomings in efficiency by adapting measures to local conditions.(3)Promote the development of grain production technology and optimize the input structure of factors.(4)Improve the scale of grain production and achieve moderate scale operation.(5)Optimize the structure of financial support for agriculture and improve the supervision and management system of financial support for agriculture.