Design And Development Of Automatic Loading And Unloading Device Based On Horizontal CNC Lathe

With the rapid development of the global economy,the number of mechanical processing and manufacturing production lines has increased sharply,and the level of automation is constantly improving,which has brought about a huge increase in demand for automated production equipment.This article takes the horizontal CNC lathe production line of a company in Xinchang County,Zhejiang Province as the research object.During the research process,it was found that the enterprise still uses manual loading and unloading when processing rotary and axis parts,resulting in problems such as low product processing accuracy,insufficient output,and high labor intensity of workers.Based on the process flow and product parameters provided by the enterprise,the production line of the horizontal CNC lathe was automated and the automatic loading and unloading device of the horizontal CNC lathe was designed and developed using a combination of simulation analysis and experimentation.This text aims to accomplish the following tasks:Firstly,the current research status of automatic loading and unloading technology for CNC lathes was investigated both domestically and internationally.The advantages and implementation methods of articulated and gantry-type mechanical arms for loading and unloading were analyzed and compared.Based on the design requirements and characteristics of this project,a research plan for an automatic loading and unloading device for a horizontal CNC lathe was proposed.Secondly,the overall design of the gantry-type mechanical arm loading and unloading device was completed according to product specifications and process flow.The structural design of load-bearing components,transmission components,gripper components,and workpiece storage components of the automatic loading and unloading device was completed.Motor selection for the driving components was calculated and verified.Furthermore,finite element analysis software Abaqus was used to conduct static and modal analyses of the gantry-type mechanical arm of the automatic loading and unloading device.Simulation results demonstrated that the maximum deformation and stress values of the gantry-type mechanical arm were 0.79 mm and 36.28 Mpa respectively under two working conditions,and the first six natural frequencies of the entire machine were much higher than the resonance frequency.This validated that the design met engineering requirements in terms of strength,stiffness,and machine resonance,providing theoretical basis for subsequent physical prototype manufacturing.Then,a fuzzy PID controller was designed using fuzzy control principles for the servo control system in the automatic loading and unloading device.Simulations were conducted in Simulink for the fuzzy PID and traditional PID control methods in the control system.Results showed that compared with traditional PID control,fuzzy PID control could reduce overshoot and further optimize the dynamic performance of the control system.Finally,the design of the control system circuit diagram,PLC program,humanmachine interface,and communication interaction were completed.The physical prototype was built and debugged,and static and modal tests were carried out on the automatic loading and unloading device.The experimental results showed that the device operated stably and had good performance.The maximum operating speed of the gantrytype mechanical arm was 2 m/s,and the positioning accuracy was ±0.1 mm,fully demonstrating its high-speed and high-precision characteristics.It has great practical value and broad application prospects in actual use,meeting the expected design requirements.