Research On Emission Reduction Financing And Operational Decision-making Of Fresh Low-carbon Supply Chain Under Mixed Carbon Policy

Climate change and low-carbon policies have prompted more fresh consumers to focus on low-carbon products and be willing to pay higher prices for them.In order to meet the fresh preferences and low-carbon preferences of consumers,manufacturers have begun outsourcing logistics services to more professional third-party logistics companies(TPL)and have begun investing in carbon emission reduction technologies in the industry chain.Although carbon emission reduction investment can reduce carbon emissions,the development and application of this technology will occupy a large amount of funds for enterprises,often leading to shortage of funds for manufacturers and stagnation.Therefore,the healthy operation of the fresh low-carbon supply chain depends on many factors,such as efficient logistics,appropriate emission reduction and financing methods,and appropriate planned output.Based on this,in the fresh and low-carbon product supply chain dominated by TPL and outsourced by logistics fresh-keeping service,a secondary supply chain composed of a single manufacturer and a single TPL is constructed,and the influence of three decision-making modes without financial constraints and four financing modes with financial constraints on decision-making output,carbon emission reduction rate and fresh-keeping service innovation level of members of the supply chain are explored,and the strategy and management enlightenment of fresh and low-carbon supply chain enterprises are discussed.Firstly,three decision-making models,i.e.centralized decision-making(NFS),decentralized decision-making(NF)and decentralized decision-making(NL)considering carbon emissions in production and transportation,are constructed without financial constraints.It is found that when TPL base profit is low,the carbon emission reduction rate and fresh-keeping service innovation level will be higher in NFS case,and the planned output of products will be higher in NL case.When the underlying profit of TPL is high,the optimal equilibrium solution of decision variables is always obtained in NF case.Influenced by the right structure and cost,the product selling price under NF is always the highest,followed by NL,and the NFS is the lowest.This also makes the profit of the supply chain system decrease according to the order of NFS-NL-NF when the output sensitivity coefficient is high.Thus,the“Pareto” improvement of the supply chain system is realized from the NF situation to the NL situation.When the yield sensitivity coefficient is low,the product selling price and the profit of the supply chain members and the system will increase first and then decrease with the increase of the output.Considering that the carbon emission of the production and transportation link will lead to the increase of the logistics cost,but the profit of the supply chain members and the system will be increased under certain circumstances,and then TPL will choose to take a free ride.In some cases,carbon quotas and trading policies are more modest and more appropriate as government incentives for supply chain systems to reduce emissions.Further consider the situation of supply chain with capital constraints,construct the supply chain exogenous debt financing(BF)mode,supply chain endogenous debt financing(IF)mode,supply chain exogenous equity financing(EF1)mode and supply chain endogenous Equity financing(EF2)model These four supply chain financing models are used to explore the impact of different financing methods,the producer’s own asset structure and the implementation of mixed carbon policies on the supply chain of fresh low-carbon products.The research finds that whether the capital constraints or not,does not change the influence of relevant parameters such as sensitivity coefficient,cost factor,and fluctuation level on the decision-making of supply chain members.In the debt financing mode,the amount of the manufacturer’s own funds does not directly affect the decision-making of the supply chain members;the BF case tends to obtain a lower level of fresh-keeping service innovation than the IF case.In the equity financing mode,in the case of EF1,the shareholding ratio after equity financing will not affect the manufacturer’s decision-making on carbon emission reduction rate and planned output,while in the case of EF2,the equity dividend ratio of the manufacturer and TPL is related to the manufacturer’s net Assets and their valuation levels are inversely proportional;in EF1,it is easier to obtain a higher level of fresh-keeping service innovation than in EF2;for the carbon emission reduction rate per unit of fresh product,EF2,EF1,NF and BF.The optimal solution of the emission reduction rate in these four situations decreases in turn,and there are a series of thresholds about the basic profit of TPL,which makes the output and carbon emission reduction rate under the financing mode change indefinitely.In addition,more moderate carbon cap and carbon trading policies are often more effective in the regulation of low-carbon fresh food supply chains with financial constraints.The introduction of financial constraints and financing factors into the fresh and low-carbon supply chain has enriched the research field of traditional agricultural products low-carbon supply chain,and provided an effective reference for the strategic development of fresh and low-carbon supply chain enterprises such as TPL and fresh product manufacturers and the policy formulation of national government departments.There are 37 drawings,9 tables and 111 references in this article.