Evaluation Of Cultivated Land Use Ecological Efficiency And Its Influencing Factors In Major Grain-Producing Areas

Food security is of Paramount importance to the country.Major grain-producing areas shoulder the important mission of safeguarding national food security,and cultivated land is the basis for increasing grain production.Lu Jingbo,deputy director of the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration,said: "Arable land is the lifeblood of food production and the basis for national food security and the ’rice bag’ of the people." Rational use of cultivated land will increase agricultural output and also increase the gross agricultural product.However,in the process of arable land utilization,pesticides,fertilizers and other chemicals will inevitably be put into use.Excessive and unreasonable use of these chemicals will produce pollutants and carbon emissions,affecting the ecological environment of cultivated land.Therefore,how to reduce environmental damage caused by chemical input while improving cultivated land utilization output in major grain-producing areas,so as to ensure national food security and farmers’ income level,is an issue we need to focus on.Based on the above background,panel data of 13 major grain-producing areas from 2001 to2020 were selected in this paper.Firstly,the ecological situation of cultivated land utilization in major grain-producing areas was analyzed.Secondly,according to previous studies,the evaluation index system of cultivated land use ecological efficiency in major grain producing areas was constructed,and the three-stage DEA model was established to measure the efficiency value,and the efficiency value was analyzed from the overall and provincial levels.Then the Tobit model was established to analyze the factors affecting the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in main grain producing areas.Finally,based on the empirical analysis of the results of the corresponding suggestions.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)In the past two decades,the cultivated land area and grain output in the main grain producing areas have increased,while the number of agricultural labor force has decreased year by year;Chemical inputs have increased more than they have decreased,resulting in increased emissions of pollutants and carbon.(2)On the whole,the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in major grain producing areas increased first,then decreased and then increased,and the fluctuation of efficiency value was mainly caused by the input of agricultural chemicals.From the perspective of provinces,Jilin Province has the higher ecological efficiency of cultivated land use,while Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has the lower efficiency.(3)After adjusting the data of the input index,the efficiency value of the third stage is improved compared with that of the first stage.Through the decomposition of the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use,it can be found that the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of each province have increased,and the fluctuation of scale efficiency is the main factor of the change of the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in the main grain-producing areas.(4)In terms of influencing factors,agricultural machinery density,effective irrigation level and the proportion of agricultural population had significant positive effects on the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in the main grain producing areas,and agricultural chemical input density and agricultural disaster rate had significant negative effects on the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use.Finally,this paper puts forward some suggestions to improve the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in major grain-producing areas,including strengthening the construction of human resources,strengthening the innovation and application of technology,rationally investing the elements of cultivated land use,strengthening the construction of farmland water conservancy infrastructure,improving the ability of disaster prevention and control,so as to combine the utilization of cultivated land with environmental protection.