Spatio-temporal Evolution And Influencing Factors Of Carbon Emission Efficiency Of Energy Consumption In The Yellow River Basin

For China,achieving the goal of "dual carbon" is an important task in its high-quality development stage.Carbon efficiency measures the quality of regional development because it links carbon emissions with economic output.The Yellow River Basin has rich energy resources,such as oil,coal and so on.Therefore,it is an important energy supply base for China.In addition,it is an important ecological barrier in our country.Within the basin,the number of resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities is roughly equal.Influenced by the difference in resource endowment,the two types of cities have different economic development modes,leading to different factors affecting their carbon emission efficiencies.In view of this,it is necessary to compare the characteristics and driving factors of carbon emission efficiencies of these two types of cities.This is of great significance for promoting high-quality development in the basin.Using the method recommended by IPCC,based on statistical data,this paper calculated the carbon emissions of 58 cities from 2000 to 2020,which are caused by energy consumption.The Super-SBM model was then used to measure the carbon emission efficiencies of these cities.Then,the efficiencies of the whole basin,resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities was analyzed successively.Kernel density estimation method was used to analyze the temporal evolution characteristics of efficiencies.Dagum Gini coefficient method was used to reveal the degree of spatial differentiation of the efficiencies.Spatial econometric models were used to study the key factors affecting the efficiencies.The results show that:(1)From 2000 to 2020,carbon emissions from energy consumption of cities in the basin show an upward trend,which have not reached the peak yet,but the rate of increase have slowed down.In terms of spatial distribution,high carbon emission accumulation areas with resource-based cities such as Ordos,Jinzhong and Jining as the center are formed in the upstream,middle and downstream respectively.(2)From 2000 to 2020,the average value of the carbon emission efficiency in the basin is 0.15.For resource-based cities,it is 0.14.For non-resource-based cities,it is 0.17.During the study period,the efficiencies show an increasing trend and the change was stable.Compared with 2000,the average efficiency of the whole Yellow River basin,resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities increase by7.66 percent,7.97 percent and 7.38 percent respectively in 2020.(3)There are significant differences in urban carbon emission efficiency in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin.Specifically,cities in the lower reaches of the Yellow River have the highest carbon emission efficiency.Cities in the middle reaches have the lowest efficiency.In addition,the carbon emission efficiency have a spatial agglomeration,which first increased and then decreased.(4)From the Dagum Gini coefficient,the mean value of the basin from 2000 to 2020 is 0.27.It shows a trend of decreasing first,fluctuating slightly and then rising,indicating that regional differences may continue to widen.The Gini coefficients of inter-regional difference,intra-regional difference and hypervariable density are 0.05,0.13 and 0.09,respectively.The Gini coefficients of internal differences between resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities are 0.27 and 0.26,respectively.(5)Economic development level,industrial structure and R&D investment all played a promoting role in the improvement of carbon emission efficiency of non-resource-based and resource-based cities.The direct effect of urbanization level on carbon emission efficiency of two kinds of cities is negative.The proportion of coal consumption,the level of opening to the outside world and energy intensity have positive effects on non-resource-based cities,but negative effects on resource-based cities.The resource dependence have negative effects on non-resource-based cities,but positive effects on non-resource-based cities.