| Objective: Craniomaxillofacial defects and deformities are caused by a variety of factors,such as congenital deformities,post-tumor resection,trauma caused by accidents and other traumatic events.Cranio-maxillofacial defects and deformities often damage the aesthetics of the patient’s face,and even cause irreversible dysfunction,affect the quality of life,and adversely affect the patient’s physical and mental health and social adaptability.Cranio-maxillofacial reconstruction must seek to restore both aesthetics and function,thereby improving the patient’s quality of life.The Mongolian ethnic group has its national characteristics in the anatomy of the craniomaxillofacial region,with a broad face,thin lips,a relatively low and flat nose bridge,wide eye clefts,epicanthus and raised bilateral cheekbones.Bones,etc.[1] are the characteristic faces of the Mongolian ethnic group.Due to the morphological characteristics of the Mongolian population,the application of conventional craniofacial reconstruction surgery in the Mongolian population is limited.Therefore,it is necessary to develop plastic and repair surgery that conforms to the anatomical characteristics of the Mongolian craniomaxillofacial region.With the advancement of CAS(Computer Aided Surgery)technology,VR(Virtual Reality,virtual reality)technology has also shown its unique advantages in craniofacial plastic surgery.Surgical simulation process,so as to formulate a better surgical plan before surgery,achieve the best possible surgical effect with a better surgical path,less trauma,higher surgical precision and surgical efficiency,to guide the Mongolian skull.Various procedures involved in the revision surgery of patients with maxillofacial defects and deformities.Based on the anatomical characteristics of the Mongolian craniomaxillofacial region,a three-dimensional model that conforms to their ethnic characteristics is designed for the preoperative diagnosis,surgical plan formulation,intraoperative guidance,and postoperative efficacy evaluation of Mongolian patients in craniomaxillofacial plastic repair.Provide effective methods and basis to assist in formulating a personalized repair plan that fits the Mongolian appearance characteristics.Methods: 1.Collection of cases: Selected from January 2017 to October 2021,who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,Mongolian patients with craniofacial defects and deformities from Inner Mongolia(three generations of the family are all Mongolian,and they are from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region).A total of24 cases(9 females and 15 males,with no age limit),have been living for 20 years or more.The main causes of craniomaxillofacial defects and deformities are caused by factors such as trauma and tumor resection.2.The establishment of the three-dimensional model of the Mongolian craniomaxillofacial defect and deformity: by collecting the CT data of the patient’s craniomaxillofacial region and importing it into the Materialise’s Interactive Medical Image Control System 21.0(Mimics 21.0)software,the craniomaxillofacial defect was established.A deformed 3D model.3.Surgical simulation of Mongolian craniomaxillofacial defect and deformity: import the3 D model of Mongolian craniomaxillofacial defect and deformity into ZBrush software,design the defect repair model,and simulate the defect and deformity repair operation process.4.Prediction of Mongolian cranio-maxillofacial defects and deformities after simulated repair: Using 3D laser scanning technology,a three-dimensional model of Mongolian cranio-maxillofacial soft tissue can be established.Appearance after maxillofacial soft tissue repair.Results: Through Mimics software,import the patient’s CT data,simulate and generate a three-dimensional model of the Mongolian craniomaxillofacial region,and then import the generated digital model into the ZBrush software for virtual operation,so as to pre-rehearse the surgical process,design the scope of the surgical incision in advance and Enter the path,design the repair model in advance,and accurately model the size of the model.With the help of 3D laser scanning technology,the simulation repair of soft tissue is carried out in its supporting software to predict the appearance of cranio-maxillofacial soft tissue after repair,predict postoperative appearance,and guide Craniomaxillofacial defect and deformity plastic surgery in Mongolian adults is of great importance.The use of VR technology to perform surgical simulation operations on Mongolian craniomaxillofacial defects and deformities can help doctors to grasp the morphological differences of various Mongolian craniomaxillofacial defects and deformities,and to understand their tissue composition and anatomical relationship.Through the measurement and analysis of the Mongolian craniofacial shape and repeated preoperative rehearsal,the surgical process of defect and deformity repair was simulated.Combined with the data of Mongolian craniomaxillofacial anatomical characteristics and the reasonable expectations of patients,the repair plan was adjusted to design a three-dimensional model that conformed to the Mongolian craniomaxillofacial defect and deformity,and an individualized surgical plan was developed to customize the Mongolian craniomaxillofacial defect and deformity.Restoration and precision treatment provide the basis.Conclusion: Using VR technology to simulate the repair of Mongolian craniomaxillofacial defects allows surgeons to accurately prepare preoperative plans,perform virtual resections,plan osteotomies,and design and create implants.Using Mimics and ZBrush software,a three-dimensional model of Mongolian craniomaxillofacial defect and deformity can be established,which can visually display and accurately locate the anatomical structure.planning and evaluation.Using 3D laser scanning technology,the state of Mongolian craniomaxillofacial soft tissue after repair is simulated,and the appearance after repair is predicted.Thereby reducing the unpredictable risks caused by abnormal anatomical relationship during the operation,closer to the expected effect of the operation,diversifying the preoperative design,making the operation safer and more precise,and significantly reducing the operation time and side damage,and the result becomes more predictable.According to the anatomical characteristics of the Mongolian special and maxillofacial region,combined with the reasonable demands of the patients for the expected appearance,a craniomaxillofacial defect repair model in line with the Mongolian national characteristics was designed,and the craniomaxillofacial defect and deformity repair operation that fit the Mongolian appearance characteristics was simulated.Patients can better complete preoperative psychological construction,improve preoperative communication efficiency,perioperative safety and health compliance,and play a role in visual teaching and telemedicine,providing young physicians with more learning methods. |
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