| Purpose:The environmental influencing factors of myopia among school-aged children in Inner Mongolia may be different from those of refractive error in other regions.This subject mainly studies the clinical characteristics of the refractive status of school-age children in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the influence of related environmental factors on it.Method:1.Review the previous literature,analyze the influencing factors related to the occurrence and development of myopia,and make a survey scale.2.According to the principle of voluntary participation,from June 2020 to June 2021,school-age children in the primary school age range of 6 to 12 years old in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia,will be examined.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,children with related eye diseases,history of trauma,wearing orthokeratology,and contact lenses were excluded.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,713 patients were eligible for inclusion.3.Carry out the essential ophthalmological examination of the refractive development of primary-school-age children—the enrolled patients’ binocular visual acuity,intraocular pressure,eye position,etc.A slit lamp microscope detected the anterior segment,and the fundus was examined by direct ophthalmoscope and fundus photography.The Pentacam corneal topography instrument measures ocular biological parameters,including ocular axis(Axial Length,AL)and corneal curvature(Corneal Curvature,K).4.Record the general demographic information of each enrolled child,at the same time conduct a questionnaire survey on the parents of the enrolled children,and record the parents’ refractive status information.Questionnaires about environmental factors were administered to the children and parents participating in the study.5.Statistical analysis of survey data.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS25.0 statistical software.Whether the measurement data was normally distributed was tested by K-S and expressed as mean±SD.The differences of biological parameters of the eyeball between different genders were analyzed by independent samples t-test.When three or more data groups were compared at the same time,one-way ANOVA was used.P < 0.05 was considered significant difference.The influencing factors of eyeball biological parameters were analyzed by multiple linear regression,and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Result:1.There were statistically significant differences in AL,AL/CR,and SER among children aged 1.6-12 years(F=42.50,P<0.01;F=30.48,P<0.01;F=7.62,P<0.01),With the increase of age,AL increases,and AL/CR also increases with it,and the refractive state approaches myopia with the increase of age.2.According to the standard and the refractive status of the tested children,group the refractive status.The differences in K,CR,AL,AL/CR under different diopter states(myopia,emmetropia,hyperopia)were statistically significant(F=4.33,P=0.01;F=5.13,P=0.01;F=34.62,P <0.01;F=16.36,P<0.01),that is,the values of K,CR,AL and AL/CR are different under different diopter states.The AL value of the myopia group is about 0.57 mm longer than that of the emmetrope group,and the AL value of the hyperopia group is about 0.21 mm shorter than that of the emmetrope group.The comparison of AL/CR among the three groups was statistically significant,and the myopia group was higher.3.CR : The independent variables with significant P<0.05 are daily outdoor activity time,daily close reading time,daily sleep time,these three independent variables can significantly affect the CR value,while age,gender,whether parents are myopia These three independent variables could not significantly affect the CR value.Furthermore,the regression coefficients of daily outdoor activity time,close reading time,and sleep time are favorable.The longer the daily outdoor activity time,daily close reading time,and sleep time,the greater the CR value.AL: The independent variables with significant P<0.05 are age,whether parents are myopic or not,and the three independent variables of daily outdoor activity time can significantly affect the length of AL,while the three independent variables of gender,daily close reading time,and sleep time The independent variables could not significantly affect the length of AL.The regression coefficients of age and parental myopia are all positive numbers;that is,the older the age,the more myopic parents on both sides,the longer the AL length,and the more myopic children’s refraction.The regression coefficient of daily outdoor activity time is negative;that is,the daily outdoor activity time is about long,and the length of AL tends to be shorter.AL/CR: The three independent variables with significant P<0.05 are age,daily outdoor activity time,and sleep time,which can significantly affect the ratio of AL/CR.Furthermore,the regression coefficients of daily outdoor activity time and sleep time are all negative numbers;the longer the daily outdoor activity time and sleep time,the smaller the AL/CR ratio,and the closer the diopter is to emmetropia or hyperopia.The regression coefficient of age is positive;the older the age,the higher the AL/CR ratio.SER: The independent variables with significant P<0.05 are whether parents are myopia,daily outdoor activity time,daily close reading time,these three independent variables can significantly affect SER.Conclusion:Among primary school-aged children in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,the AL of the children increased with age,and the SER of the children became closer to the direction of myopia with the increase of age.The AL of the children in the myopia group was significantly higher than that of the children in the emmetrope and hyperopia groups.Children with more myopic parents are less likely to develop myopia.This may be related to the cognition and attention of family members to myopia.The longer the children’s daily outdoor activity time,the greater the CR value,the shorter the AL length,the smaller the AL/CR ratio,the more the SER drifts towards emmetropia or hyperopia,and the less children tend to myopia.Compared with the children in the group with daily sleep time ≥ 9 hours,the AL was shorter,the AL/CR was smaller,and the SER was closer to the direction of emmetropia,and the children were less likely to develop myopia.The longer the daily distance reading time of the near children,the greater the CR value,the more the SER value is more inclined to myopia,and the children’s refractive state is more prone to myopia.For the analysis of the influence degree of risk factors of CR,AL,AL/CR and SER,we know that the influence degree of DCRT on CR and SER is the most significant,and the influence degree of age on AL and AL/CR is the most significant. |
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