| Objective:Based on Professor Wang Qi’s nine constitution theories and TCM tongue picture theory,this study aims to study the correlation between tongue picture and various constitution types by examining the distribution features of TCM constitution types and tongue picture distribution rules of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)combined with hyperlipidemia.From the perspective of prevention of disease in TCM,it provides theoretical support for the treatment of T2 DM combined with hyperlipidemia based on constitution.Methods:This study selected 224 T2 DM patients with hyperlipidemia who were hospitalized in the Endocrinology Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of TCM from March 2021 to November 2022,collected the general data,clinical data,tongue image and other relevant information of the patients,and used the form of questionnaires to determine the type of patients’ physique and carried out frequency statistics and constituent ratio analysis.SPSS 25.0 software was used to carry out the chi-square test of goodness of fit,chi-square test,Fisher’s exact test and correspondence analysis to explore the physical distribution characteristics of T2 DM patients with hyperlipidemia and its correlation with tongue picture.Result:1.A total of 224 patients with T2 DM and hyperlipidemia were included in this study,among them,113 men and 111 women,with a ratio of approximately1: 1,patients aged between 27 and 84 years old,and the main incidence population was concentrated in 50 to 70 years old,accounting for 61.16% of the total survey population;The body mass index(BMI)of patients ranged from 18.56 to 45.36 kg/m2,including 0 thin,78 normal,92 overweight and 54 obese.Chi-square test of goodness of fit indicated that the sex composition of224 patients did not differ significantly.(Ρ>0.05),and There were significant differences between age and BMI groups(Ρ<0.01).2.The highest frequency of occurrence of 24 patients was damp-heat quality in 57 cases(25.45%),and the rest were yin deficiency quality in 45cases(20.09%),qi deficiency quality in 39 cases(17.41%),phlegm-dampness quality in 32 cases(14.29%),blood stasis quality in 19 cases(8.48%),calm quality in 16 cases(7.14%),qi stagnation quality in 9 cases(4.02%),yang deficiency quality in 7 cases(3.13%),and intrinsic quality in 0 cases(0%);The first five main types of constitution were statistically analyzed.The proportion of damp-heat and yin deficiency in male patients was higher than that in female patients(Ρ<0.05);The proportion of damp-heat quality and phlegm-damp quality in patients under 50 years old is relatively high in all age groups,moreover,the percentage of yin deficiency was higher among50-69 years,and the percentage of qi deficiency was the highest in the age group of 50～69 years old,and the proportion of qi deficiency quality is the highest in the age group of more than 69 years old(Ρ<0.01);In the normal BMI group,the proportion of yin deficiency and qi deficiency was relatively high,the percentage of damp-heat quality was the highest in the overweight group,and the percentage of phlegm damp-heat quality was higher in the obese group(Ρ<0.01).3.The tongue color of T2 DM patients with hyperlipidemia was light red tongue in 86 cases(38.39%),red tongue in 80 cases(35.71%),purple tongue in 24 cases(10.71%),light white tongue in 22 cases(9.82%),and red tongue in 12 cases(5.36%)according to the frequency of occurrence;The shape of tongue was fat and large tongue in 66 cases(29.46%),moderate tongue in 61cases(27.23%),thin and thin tongue in 56 cases(25.00%),dentate tongue in22 cases(9.82%),pricked tongue in 10 cases(4.46%),and cracked tongue in 9cases(4.02%);The fur color was white fur in 130 cases(58.04%),yellow fur in 93 cases(41.52%),and gray and black fur in 1 case(0.45%);The coating quality was thin coating in 92 cases(41.07%),greasy coating in 59 cases(26.34%),thick coating in 48 cases(21.43%),less coating in 22 cases(9.82%)and peeling coating in 3 cases(1.34%).4.The corresponding analysis of constitution and tongue image shows that blood stasis and blue tongue on tongue,qi deficiency and pale white tongue,Yin deficiency,damp and heat and red tongue are closely related;Yin deficiency,damp heat and yellow moss,and qi deficiency and blood stasis are closely related with white moss;damp heat and thick moss,phlegm dampness and greasy moss,and blood stasis and thin moss.Conclusion:1.Elderly age,overweight and obesity are important risk factors for T2 DM complicated with hyperlipidemia,suggesting that age-appropriate screening should be carried out,prevention and treatment should be carried out as soon as possible,and weight management and education should be strengthened to make patients pay attention to the improvement of lifestyle such as diet and exercise.2.The common constitution types of T2 DM patients with hyperlipidemia are damp-heat quality,yin deficiency quality,qi deficiency quality,phlegm-damp quality,and blood stasis quality.There are significant differences between different constitution types in gender,age,and BMI.3.The main tongue color of T2 DM patients with hyperlipidemia is light red tongue and red tongue,the main tongue shape is fat big tongue,moderate tongue and thin thin tongue,the main coating color is white coating and yellow coating,and the main coating quality is thin coating,greasy coating and thick coating.4.Humist humid patients with T2 DM complicated with hyperlipidemia mostly shows red tongue,yellow fur,greasy fur and thick fur,yin deficiency quality shows red tongue and yellow fur tongue image characteristics,qi deficiency quality shows light white tongue and white fur,phlegm dampness quality is closely related to tooth-marked tongue and greasy fur,blood stasis quality is related to blue-purple tongue,white fur and thin fur,and prone constitution has corresponding relationship with tongue image. |
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